城区快速路交通噪声测试与防治对策

采用现场调查的方法对沈阳市某快速路交通噪声状况进行测试,根据现场调查测试结果分析:噪声强度在快速路两侧高层建筑物的高度分布不同,其随距建筑物横向距离的增大呈衰减特性,其随时间的变化幅度较小,进而对快速路两侧敏感建筑物的噪声防治提出相应对策。     

三沙湾海水中磷的分布和富营养化研究

根据2010、2011年三沙湾水质监测资料,评价了活性磷酸盐的分布及时空变化特征,根据N/P和Si/N比判断三沙湾浮游植物生长的限制因子,用营养状态指数评价该湾水体的富营养化状态.结果表明,霍童溪为三沙湾海水中磷的主要陆源输入来源,磷为三沙湾植物生长繁殖限制因子,磷含量季节周期变化特征明显,5月植物生长繁殖旺盛,由于磷的匮乏,生长受到限制,磷含量降至最低水平,8月由于植物腐败分解释放磷和海水水温较高抑制植物生长,使磷含量升高,11月至次年1月,磷含量持续升高.三沙湾内富营养化指数大于1,存在发生赤潮的风险.     

Levels, distributions, and sources of legacy and novel per- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the topsoil of Tianjin, China

Soil is a major sink for per- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), wherein PFAS may be transferred through the food chain to predators at upper trophic levels, which poses a threat to human health. Herein, the concentrations and distributions of legacy and novel PFAS in topsoil samples from different functional areas in Tianjin were comprehensively investigated. Seventeen PFAS congeners were identified, with concentrations ranging from 0.21 ng/g to 5.35 ng/g, with a mean concentration of 1.25 ng/g. The main PFAS in the topsoil was perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA; <MDL–1.95 ng/g, mean 0.11 ng/g), as an emerging substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), was also detected in the topsoil. It showed slightly higher concentrations than PFOS (<MDL–1.62 ng/g, mean 0.10 ng/g), indicating it has gradually replaced legacy PFOS in this area. Based on the positive-definite matrix factor (PMF) receptor model, the major PFAS sources was dominated by textile treatment, metal electroplating plants, and some potential precursors of PFAS with longer chains (>C8) were the major sources (43.4%), followed by food packaging as well as coating materials (25.5%). In addition, Spearman correlation analysis and the structural equation model showed that population density significantly impacted the PFAS distribution in the topsoil of Tianjin.     

东山湾营养盐结构及限制作用的初步研究

根据2013年4个航次的调查资料,对东山湾春、夏、秋、冬4个季节营养盐结构分布特征及其限制状况进行分析研究。结果表明:营养盐结构平面分布随着季节变化而不同,陆地径流和沿岸流对营养盐分布有较大影响,夏秋冬3个季节Si/P和Si/N比值由北向南递减,春季相反。N/P比值除了冬季外,其他季节都是由北向南递增的趋势。东山湾海域潜在限制性因子主要为P,秋冬两季尤为明显。     

肉制品销售物流安全管理对策研究

21世纪以来 ,我国的肉制品产销量一直保持着强劲的增长势头 ,将成为居民的肉类消费主流。现阶段 ,国内肉制品物流的每一个环节都可能因温度变化、微生物侵蚀、有害物质污染等使肉制品对人体产生毒害 ,特别是肉制品销售物流安全直接关系广大消费者的利益。为此 ,在肉制品加工企业销售物流现场调研基础上 ,重点分析了肉制品销售物流过程中的安全隐患 ,并根据肉制品的产品特性和销售物流特性研究成果 ,提出肉制品销售物流的安全管理对策。     

Perception of drinking water in the Quebec City region (Canada): the influence of water quality and consumer location in the distribution system

The purpose of every water utility is to provide consumers with drinking water that is aesthetically acceptable and presents no risk to public health. Several studies have been carried out to analyze people's perception and attitude about the drinking water coming from their water distribution systems. The goal of the present study is to investigate the influence of water quality and the geographic location of consumers within a distribution system on consumer perception of tap water. The study is based on the data obtained from two surveys carried out in municipalities of the Quebec City area (Canada). Three perception variables were used to study consumer perception: general satisfaction, taste satisfaction and risk perception. Data analysis based on logistic regression indicates that water quality variations and geographic location in the distribution system have a significant impact on the consumer perception. This impact appears to be strongly associated with residual chlorine levels. The study also confirms the importance of socio-economic characteristics of consumers on their perception of drinking water quality.     

中国火灾史(秦朝～1949年)简析

火对人类生存和繁衍具有历史性的变革作用 ,同时火灾事故的发生又给人类带来了威胁。笔者以有关文献数据为依据 ,以现有的省域为地理界限并以规定的时间段为基础 ,对中国历史上的火灾事故及其原因进行简要统计分析 ,其中的数据来源难免有一定的局限性 ,要从中得出一些规律确实很难 ,但至少可总结出 :①中国历代火灾多发区的变迁过程 ,基本上是随中国经济和文化中心的迁移而迁移的 ;经济越发达地区 ,同期火灾事故明显居多 ;火灾的直接受害者主要是平民百姓和宗教人士。②在已知的火灾事故原因中 ,战争是第一位的。上述分析的结论 ,对当代人们了解过去的火灾史 ,具有帮助与启迪。     

长春市TSP与降尘中汞含量及其对地面汞贡献的比较研究

从1999年8月－2000年1月，监测了长春市4个功能区及一个对照点的降尘与总悬浮颗粒物上的汞含量，通过对时空分布规律的分析，得出降尘与TSP中的汞含量的空间分布特征，燃煤释放出的汞及大气中的颗粒汞主要结合在细粒径粒物上，汞在大气颗粒物中呈富集状态，颗粒汞对地面汞的贡献采暖期大于非采暖期，通过干沉降模型估算的大气颗粒汞对地面汞的贡献小于通过降尘直接测定的。     

沈阳市环境空气颗粒物分布特征及重金属污染状况分析

研究了沈阳市环境空气中不同颗粒物的污染程度、分布特征及颗粒物组成,研究结果表明沈阳市TSP、PM10和PM2.5整体污染水平较高,PM10以下颗粒比例较高;重金属主要吸附在细小颗粒物上。     

地沟式污水处理系统微生物对氮脱除效果初步研究

地沟式污水土地处理系统，是自然生态净化与人工工艺相结合的小规模污水处理回用技术。该技术以其设备简单、基建投资少、操作管理方便、能耗低，以及再生水重复利用而具有广阔的发展前景。以贵州省环科院内地沟式土地处理中试装置为例，探讨了地沟式污水土地处理系统细菌分布关系以及微生物活动对氮的脱除效果。