Social influences on expressed willingness to pay: results of a deliberative monetary valuation study in Colombia

Deliberative monetary valuation (DMV) methods can support environmental decision making by enabling the exchange of arguments and information to produce more democratic outcomes. The product of a valuation may be an array of expressions of willingness to pay (WTP) by individuals or a collectively agreed monetary value. Concerns have been raised, however, as to whether this product is an outcome of thoughtful and independent decision-making or influenced by social pressures to conform. Our study examines this issue and addresses concerns about the use of DMV, based on a public deliberation of forest conservation in Colombia. We analyzed the impacts of social conformity on WTP under two different decision scenarios: individual and collective. The results suggest that the impacts of social conformity are greater when a collective decision is required. These findings indicate that tensions between the differing goals of DMV could undermine its democratic promise.     

在线监测氨氮浓度的电导测量方法研究

建立了适用于氨氮在线监测的干法蒸馏-电导法和湿法蒸馏-电导法。该方法是通入一定流量的气量于含氨试样中,全沸腾加热,蒸发出的氨和水蒸气一起经冷凝器后,进入酸吸收液中。酸吸收液的电导率随氨氮蒸馏液的吸收发生变化,其变化的值和样品中氨氮的浓度呈一定的比例关系。研制出的氨氮在线监测仪结构简单,运行稳定可靠,测量结果准确。     

DX—100型离子色谱仪用于冰雪样品中阴,阳离子的测定

本文介绍了ＤＸ－１００型离子色谱仪用于冰雪样品中阴,阳离子的测定,以东北五大连池地区白龙洞和水晶宫为例,介绍了阴,阳离子测定在分析化学物质来源和成冰过程中的重要作用。     

冰雪中持久性有机污染物（POPs）的研究现状

冰雪是地球生态系统中重要的环境组分,它们不仅直接影响着全球的水循环,而且也直接影响着一些物质在不同纬度和海拔上的分布。随着气候的变化,在中低纬度使用和排放的POPs能够挥发到大气中,并伴随着大气的运动向高纬度高海拔地区迁移,这对生态环境造成了极大的威胁。本文主要介绍了持久性有机污染物的危害、历史排放数据,并详细阐述了国内外研究人员对冰雪中POPs的研究现状。     

Comparison of annual dry and wet deposition fluxes of selected pesticides in Strasbourg, France

This work summarizes the results of a study of atmospheric wet and dry deposition fluxes of Deisopropyl-atrazine (DEA), Desethyl-atrazine (DET), Atrazine, Terbuthylazine, Alachlor, Metolachlor, Diflufenican, Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, Iprodione, Isoproturon and Cymoxanil pesticides conducted in Strasbourg, France, from August 2000 through August 2001. The primary objective of this work was to calculate the total atmospheric pesticide deposition fluxes induced by atmospheric particles. To do this, a modified one-dimensional cloud water deposition model was used. All precipitation and deposition samples were collected at an urban forested park environment setting away from any direct point pesticide sources. The obtained deposition fluxes induced by atmospheric particles over a forested area showed that the dry deposition flux strongly contributes to the total deposition flux. The dry particle deposition fluxes are shown to contribute from 4% (DET) to 60% (cymoxanil) to the total deposition flux (wet + dry).     

Dynamic characteristics of cool thermal energy storage systems—a review

Cool thermal energy storage (CTES) plays a significant role in conserving available energy, improving its utilization, and correcting the mismatch that occurs between the supply and demand of energy. It has been employed in many applications, for example, cool storage systems for air-conditioning and natural cooling of energy-efficient building. CTES is widely used in various industrial applications such as food and pharmacy processing, where large short duration loads are often required. This paper presents a review on CTES systems and characteristics. The dynamic characteristics of chilled water storage system, coil pipe cool storage system, packed bed cool storage system, gas hydrate cool storage system, and ice slurry cool storage system are analyzed and discussed. The applications of CTES system are summarized.     

新型干法水泥回转窑废气产生量与产量的关系浅谈

本文通过对四川省采用新型干法水泥生产企业回转窑废气监测数据进行统计分析,建立了新型干法水泥回转窑废气产生量与水泥熟料产量的关系数学模型,并对模型进行了验证,该模型既可以用于监测人员现场核查企业填报生产量真实性,也可以用于判断实测废气量的合理性。     

Biomonitoring spatial and temporal impact of atmospheric dust from a cement industry

The objective of this work was to evaluate the spatial and temporal impact of dust-pollution in the vicinity of a cement industry, located in an area with dry climate. The spatial impact integrated over time was evaluated from the concentrations of Ca, Fe and Mg in in-situ Xanthoria parietina. The temporal pattern was assessed through one-month transplants of the lichen Ramalina canariensis. Four potential sources of atmospheric dust were evaluated: the limestone-quarry; the unpaved roads, the deposit area and the cement mill. Calcium concentration in lichens was considered the best cement-dust indicator. Different types of dust (clinker and grinded-limestone-dust) resulted in different time-patterns of Ca accumulation, which was also related with the different influence that wet and dry periods have in the lichen accumulation process. The dust pollution was found to be deposited locally and dependent on: the nature of dust particles and the volume and frequency of precipitation.     

Estimation of nitrogen balance between the atmosphere and Lake Balaton and a semi natural grassland in Hungary

The paper summarises the results to determine the fluxes of different N-compounds within the atmosphere and an aquatic and a terrestrial ecosystems, in Hungary. In the exchange processes of N-compounds between atmosphere and various ecosystems the deposition dominates. The net deposition fluxes are -730, -1270 and -1530 mg Nm(-2)yr(-1) for water, grassland, and forest ecosystems, respectively. For water, the main source of nitrogen compounds is the wet deposition. Ammonia gas is close to the equilibrium between the water and the air. For grassland the dry flux of nitric acid and ammonia is also an important term beside the wet deposition. Dry deposition to terrestrial ecosystems is roughly two times higher than wet deposition. A total of 8-10% of the nitrates and NH(x) deposited to terrestrial ecosystems are re-emitted into the air in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O) greenhouse gas.     

黑龙江省的凌汛灾害及其区域划分

根据黑龙江黑河,嫩江（齐齐哈尔、富拉尔基）,佳木斯和哈尔滨四个水文站３０多年的冰情观测记录,分析了黑龙江省河流的冰情特点和凌汛灾害,计算了相应河段５０年一遇和百年一遇流冰厚度极值。最后对黑龙江省河流冰情、凌汛灾害进行了区域划分,为相关的冰工程设计提供了科学合的依据。