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101.
交通污染对城市土壤和植物的影响 总被引:23,自引:3,他引:20
以我国西北地区大气污染严重的兰州市为研究区,分别采集了交通主干道两侧及远离交通主干道的公园及大学校园里的槐树(Sophora japonica L.)叶片和土壤样品,研究了交通污染对城市土壤理化性质和重金属积累以及植物叶片中重金属、氮、磷积累的影响.结果表明:①交通主干道两侧土壤的电导率和有机碳含量显著高于公园土壤而pH值显著低于公园土壤;②交通主干道两侧土壤中Zn、Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu、Cr和As等7种微量元素的含量显著高于公园土壤,表明交通污染导致了这些元素在土壤中的异常积累;③生长在交通主干道两侧的槐树叶片中Zn、Cd、As、Hg、Pb、Ni、Co、Cr、N等9种元素的含量显著高于生长在公园的槐树叶片,同样表明交通污染导致了这些元素在槐树叶片中的异常积累,但是不同元素在土壤和植物叶片中的积累程度存在着差异. 相似文献
102.
建立了适用于氨氮在线监测的干法蒸馏-电导法和湿法蒸馏-电导法。该方法是通入一定流量的气量于含氨试样中,全沸腾加热,蒸发出的氨和水蒸气一起经冷凝器后,进入酸吸收液中。酸吸收液的电导率随氨氮蒸馏液的吸收发生变化,其变化的值和样品中氨氮的浓度呈一定的比例关系。研制出的氨氮在线监测仪结构简单,运行稳定可靠,测量结果准确。 相似文献
103.
贵州喀斯特山区植物叶片碳同位素组成研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过测定贵州喀斯特山区灌丛12种主要植物叶片的δ13C值,研究了该区植物叶片碳同位素组成特征,以及种间、生境差异和时空变化特征。研究结果表明:该区植物叶片的碳同位素组成的变化范围为-26.98‰--29.15‰,平均值为-28.14‰。研究区δ13C值的分布相对均匀,除高于我国热带雨林区植物外,低于其它地区。研究结果还表明,种间碳同位素组成存在较大的差异。生境的变化对蕨的碳同位素组成影响较大,而对渐尖毛蕨、盐肤木、火棘、马桑影响较小。盐肤木、渐尖毛蕨、云南鼠刺、火棘叶片的δ13C值从生长初期到末期有降低的趋势,但降低的幅度存在差异。植物的δ13C值随小尺度海拔的变化规律与随大尺度海拔变化的规律一致,都是随着海拔的增加δ13C值增大,但不同植物种间变化的幅度是不一样的。 相似文献
104.
Soil to leaf transfer factor for the radionuclides ²²⁶Ra, ⁴⁰K, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr at Kaiga region, India
James JP Dileep BN Ravi PM Joshi RM Ajith TL Hegde AG Sarkar PK 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2011,102(12):1070-1077
Transfer factors are the most important parameters required for mathematical modeling used for environmental impact assessment of radioactive contamination in the environment. In this paper soil to leaf transfer factor for the radionuclides 40K, 226Ra, 137Cs and 90Sr is estimated for Kaiga region in Karnataka state, India. Among the plants in which study is carried out, 226Ra, 40K, 137Cs and 90Sr activity in leaves of herbaceous plants is higher than that of tree leaves. Soil to leaf transfer factor for 226Ra, 40K, 137Cs and 90Sr was found to be in the range of 0.03-0.65, 0.32-8.04, 0.05-3.03 and 0.42-2.67 respectively. 相似文献
105.
Bettinetti R Quadroni S Crosa G Harper D Dickie J Kyalo M Mavuti K Galassi S 《Ambio》2011,40(4):341-350
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is still used in Africa for the indoor control of malaria and it may represent a potential
hazard for wildlife. The littoral sediments of two alkaline-saline lakes, Natron (Tanzania) and Bogoria (Kenya), in the Eastern
Rift Valley, supporting large populations of lesser flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor), were analysed for DDT residues. Physical–chemical analyses (temperature, conductivity, pH and dissolved oxygen) were also
performed on the water of the two lakes and in the tributaries of Lake Natron, to evaluate the influence of the environmental
variables on pollutant occurrence. At Lake Natron, around 1 km from the sediment collection sites, tree leaves of Acacia tortilis were also collected. The main metabolite found in all sediment samples was pp’DDE, whilst equal concentrations of pp’DDT
and pp’DDE were measured in acacia leaves. The levels of DDTs measured in the sediments were within 5.9–30.9 ng g−1 d.w., reaching the maximum value in a tributary of Lake Natron. On the whole, the contamination of Lake Natron and Lake Bogoria
basins seems to be quite moderate. Nevertheless, the pp’DDE/pp’DDT ratio equals 1 in the Acacia tortilis leaves, which makes one suppose that the input of the parent compound was rather recent and could have been from aerial transport
or dust from relatively close-by old pesticides storage sites. 相似文献
106.
Al-Khashman OA Al-Muhtaseb AH Ibrahim KA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(6):1635-1640
The leaves of date palms were evaluated as a possible biomonitor of heavy metal contamination in Ma’an city, Jordan. Concentrations of (Fe), (Pb), (Zn), (Cu), (Ni), and (Cr) were determined in washed and unwashed leaves and soil samples collected from different sites with different degrees of metal contamination (urban, suburban, industrial, highway and rural sites); separate leaves were taken from outside the city to be used as a control sample. Samples collected from industrial sites were found to have high concentrations of all metals except those of Cu, Ni and Pb, which were found at high levels in the highway site samples which is associated with the road traffic. The difference between unwashed and washed samples showed that metal pollutants exist as contaminants, particularly Pb, Zn and Ni, which varied in concentration, depending on the source of the metal. 相似文献
107.
Comparison of annual dry and wet deposition fluxes of selected pesticides in Strasbourg, France 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sauret N Wortham H Strekowski R Herckès P Nieto LI 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):303-312
This work summarizes the results of a study of atmospheric wet and dry deposition fluxes of Deisopropyl-atrazine (DEA), Desethyl-atrazine (DET), Atrazine, Terbuthylazine, Alachlor, Metolachlor, Diflufenican, Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, Iprodione, Isoproturon and Cymoxanil pesticides conducted in Strasbourg, France, from August 2000 through August 2001. The primary objective of this work was to calculate the total atmospheric pesticide deposition fluxes induced by atmospheric particles. To do this, a modified one-dimensional cloud water deposition model was used. All precipitation and deposition samples were collected at an urban forested park environment setting away from any direct point pesticide sources. The obtained deposition fluxes induced by atmospheric particles over a forested area showed that the dry deposition flux strongly contributes to the total deposition flux. The dry particle deposition fluxes are shown to contribute from 4% (DET) to 60% (cymoxanil) to the total deposition flux (wet + dry). 相似文献
108.
109.
110.
Branquinho C Gaio-Oliveira G Augusto S Pinho P Máguas C Correia O 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,151(2):292-299
The objective of this work was to evaluate the spatial and temporal impact of dust-pollution in the vicinity of a cement industry, located in an area with dry climate. The spatial impact integrated over time was evaluated from the concentrations of Ca, Fe and Mg in in-situ Xanthoria parietina. The temporal pattern was assessed through one-month transplants of the lichen Ramalina canariensis. Four potential sources of atmospheric dust were evaluated: the limestone-quarry; the unpaved roads, the deposit area and the cement mill. Calcium concentration in lichens was considered the best cement-dust indicator. Different types of dust (clinker and grinded-limestone-dust) resulted in different time-patterns of Ca accumulation, which was also related with the different influence that wet and dry periods have in the lichen accumulation process. The dust pollution was found to be deposited locally and dependent on: the nature of dust particles and the volume and frequency of precipitation. 相似文献