Extraction of DNA from amniotic fluid cells for the early prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease

Ten-ml samples of amniotic fluid were taken from pregnancies being terminated at 8–14 weeks' gestation. DNA was extracted from the amniotic cells by sequential centrifugation and analysed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifteen samples were analysed for evidence of maternal contamination using Mfd5 oligo-nucleotide primers for repeat polymorphisms. Ten amniotic fluid samples were tested for the Delta-F₅₀₈ deletion characteristic of cystic fibrosis to demonstrate a diagnostic application for the technique. In each case, DNA extracted from fetal tissue from the same pregnancy was included in the controls. In 14 of the 15 cases tested with the Mfd5 primers, both the amniotic fluid DNA and the fetal DNA showed no evidence of contaminating DNA. In one case, neither the amniotic fluid cells nor the fetal cells yielded results. In nine of the ten cases tested with the Delta-F₅₀₈ primers, the amniotic fluid cell DNA provided accurate information about the genetic status of the fetus; in the tenth, the fetal DNA failed to amplify. The results indicate that adequate DNA can be extracted from amniotic fluid from 8 weeks' gestation onward and these samples are suitable for prenatal diagnosis using PCR.     

大气飘尘对大鼠肺细胞的毒性比较

采用大白鼠气管内注入飘尘后分析肺灌洗液的方法，比较了上海不同地区飘尘对大鼠肺细胞的毒性；再运用毒性指数及效应指数，综合评价了上海市不同地区大气飘尘污染的状况。研究表明：从肺灌洗液的生化成份分析及细胞分类显示，以彭浦新村、隆昌路平凉路、康定路胶州路３个点的飘尘毒性较大。综合评价结果，彭浦新村的效应指数最大，以后依次为康定路胶州路、鲁班路斜土路、青云路、隆昌路平凉路等。     

Rapid prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy from uncultured amniotic fluid cells using five-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization

In this paper we describe the use of five-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization for prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy using uncultured amniotic fluid cells. The analysis is based on ratio mixing of dual-labelled probes and digital imaging for the detection and visualization of five different probes specific for the five target chromosomes, 13, 18, 21, X, and Y. A retrospective blind analysis of 30 coded uncultured amniotic fluid samples correctly detected fetal sex and five trisomy 21 cases. Multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization used in this way allows rapid and simultaneous detection of the most frequent aneuploidies.     

固定化紫色非硫光合细菌降解活性艳红X-3B的研究

采用聚集－交联法固定化紫色非硫光合细菌用于处理活性艳红Ｘ－３Ｂ染液。比较紫色非硫光合细菌和固定化细胞的某些性质,２种细胞的反应最适温度均为３０－４０℃,固定化细胞的反应最适ｐＨ值范围较宽,为７．５－９．４,热稳定性较好。Ｃｕ（２＋）对２种细胞酶活力均有抑制作用;比较聚集－交联固定化细胞和海藻酸钠包埋固定化细胞的脱色能力,前者比后者酶活力较高,半衰期长,成本低,操作方法简单,易于工业化应用。     

固定化果胶酶抑制铜绿微囊藻生长研究

为证实固定化果胶酶抑制蓝藻生长的作用,在实验室条件下,以铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）为受试藻种,用共培养法观察了固定化果胶酶对藻细胞群体的作用、用电镜观察了共培养后藻细胞的损伤状况,测定了对其生理生化特征的影响.结果表明固定化果胶酶与藻共培养液第3 d明显黄化,且黄化程度与固定化果胶酶的用量和培养时间呈正相关系;电镜照片显示固定化果胶酶对藻细胞有损伤作用,轻微损伤的藻细胞出现质壁分离,表面粗糙、凸凹不平,形状不规则,严重损伤的藻细胞表面发生深度皱缩或细胞结构完全解体;随着固定化果胶酶与铜绿微囊藻共培养时间的延长,藻细胞生长量、叶绿素a含量显著降低,表明藻细胞受到胁迫和伤害,藻细胞正常的光合作用受到严重影响.丙二醛（MDA）值显示藻细胞抗氧化防御体系被破坏,细胞内发生严重膜脂过氧化.固定化果胶酶能有效抑制铜绿微囊藻细胞的生长,铜绿微囊藻生长抑制率可高达96%.     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 containing anatase nanoparticles and rutile nanoflower structure consisting of nanorods

A series of TiO2 with different crystal phases and morphologies was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process using titanium nbutoxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid as raw materials. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under UV-Visible light irradiation. On the basis of detailed analysis of the characterizing results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, it was concluded that the photo-activity of the catalyst is related directly to the 3D morphology and the crystal phase composition. An excellent catalyst should have both a futile 3D flower-like structure and anatase granulous particles. The 3D flower-like structure could enhance light harvesting, as well as the transfer of reactant molecules from bulk solution to the reactive sites on TiO2. In addition, the optimum anatase/rutile phase ratio was found to be 80：20, which is beneficial to the effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs.     

UV/H_2O_2/草酸高铁铵体系中孔雀石绿的光降解研究

研究了UV/H2O2/草酸高铁铵体系下孔雀绿(Malachite green,MG)光降解过程中的影响因素,包括MG的初始浓度、初始pH值、投加H2O2浓度和草酸高铁铵浓度等。结果表明:MG初始浓度越低光降解越快,碱性条件有利于MG的降解,其最佳降解pH为11.0;随H2O2浓度的增加,MG降解率先增加后减少,在100mmol/L时,降解率最高;MG降解率随草酸高铁铵浓度增加而增加,于10.0mmol/L时MG降解率最高;UV/H2O2/草酸高铁铵体系的降解效果较强,交叉实验结果表明H2O2:草酸高铁铵浓度比在1～20:1时降解率均高于。因此该体系具有快速、简单、经济并高效率等特点,可应用于染料废水的降解和脱色工艺中。     

太阳电池阵基板原子氧防护膜试验评价研究

对太阳电池阵基板用涂有有机硅／SiO2杂化涂层的Kapton膜进行的工程化应用试验评价研究进行了介绍。通过真空下材料的出气试验,对材料的总质量损失（TML）和可凝挥发物（CVCM）进行了测试。进行了温度冲击试验、粒子辐照试验,对涂层的环境耐受性进行了研究。通过原子氧试验,对带涂层薄膜的原子氧剥蚀率进行了研究。此外还对涂层薄膜进行了力学性能试验和粘接性能试验,对带涂层薄膜的拉伸强度、胶接剪切性能及与基板胶接后的剥离性能进行了测试。试验结果表明防护涂层满足工程应用的技术要求。     

三峡库区太阳能资源基本特征及其演变

利用1961-2007年的日照时数建模计算了三峡库区的太阳辐射,在此基础上对库区的太阳能资源作了全面分析和评价。结果表明：库区年总辐射量介于3200～4400MJ/m²,与德国等太阳能利用大国相当;“下游多,上游少”是资源空间分布的基本特征,且在秋、冬季差异更为明显;资源的年变化具有“夏大冬小”的特点,同时呈典型“双峰结构”,最大和次大峰值分别出现在8月和5月;库区上游太阳能季节差异大,而中、下游四季差异相对较小;库区太阳辐射以散射辐射为主（平均为64%）,上游尤其明显;1961-2007年,资源量与直射比均呈明显下降趋势,且在夏、冬季下降尤为显著,分析表明这与轻雾日数和霾日数的增加有关;自20世纪90年代初起,资源量开始回升,有利于库区太阳能的开发利用。