施肥对桉树生长及植株营养效应的研究

本研究在雷州半岛贫瘠的砖红壤上进行．施用基肥可提高尾叶桉材积的生长量,直至4年时仍有极显著的效应．最佳施肥处理比不施肥材积肥材积增长315％基肥的施用以氮、磷、钾配施效果课最好．施PK、NK、NP的材积分别只有NPK全肥的67％、42％和28％。本试验不同处理中,最佳配比是每株N15g、P30g、K30g．施用一定量的N、P、K可改善植株的养分状况．过量施用反而不利N、P、K的正常吸收．破坏养分平衡．     

QUAL2E模型在长江重庆段水质模拟中的应用研究

QUAL2E模型是美国国家环境保护局(USEPA)推出的一个河流综合水质模型。三峡成库后,由于河道的水文特性将发生重大变化,长江重庆主城区段水环境也将发生变化。但成库后长江重庆主城区段水文特征与目前平水期相当。因此,以长江重庆主城区段平水期水质为原型,应用QUAL2E模型对成库后的水质进行了模拟和预测。选用水温、溶解氧、叶绿素a作为模拟预测指标,并对模拟结果进行了验证,结果表明预测值与实测值的相关性较好。为QUAL2E模型在长江的多参数水质模拟上进行了探索,可供参考。     

基于大肠杆菌的CellSense生物传感器毒性分析性能研究

采用聚碳酸酯膜直接固定法制备并优化了大肠杆菌（E.coli Top10）CellSense生物传感器微生物电极,探讨了其在重金属和有机污染物生物急性毒性分析中的应用性能.结果表明,基于对数生长后期和稳定期E.coli微生物电极的CellSense生物传感器具有良好的毒性分析性能,基于衰减期E.coli菌株的CellSense生物传感器毒性分析的稳定性和灵敏性降低;CellSense生物传感器测试得Hg²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、邻氯苯酚和对硝基苯酚对E.coli的EC50分别为0.6、3.1、5.8、180和94 μg/mL,制备的E.coli微生物电极在冰箱中4℃保存2个月,仍能很好地满足毒性分析的需要.     

Quantification of viable bacteria in wastewater treatment plants by using propidium monoazide combined with quantitative PCR (PMA-qPCR)

The detection of viable bacteria in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) is very important for public health, as WWTPs are a medium with a high potential for waterborne disease transmission. The aim of this study was to use propidium monoazide(PMA) combined with the quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PMA-qPCR) to selectively detect and quantify viable bacteria cells in full-scale WWTPs in China. PMA was added to the concentrated WWTP samples at a final concentration of 100 μmol/L and the samples were incubated in the dark for 5 min, and then lighted for 4 min prior to DNA extraction and qPCR with specific primers for Escherichia coli and Enterococci, respectively. The results showed that PMA treatment removed more than 99% of DNA from non-viable cells in all the WWTP samples, while matrices in sludge samples markedly reduced the effectiveness of PMA treatment. Compared to qPCR, PMA-qPCR results were similar and highly linearly correlated to those obtained by culture assay, indicating that DNA from non-viable cells present in WWTP samples can be eliminated by PMA treatment, and that PMA-qPCR is a reliable method for detection of viable bacteria in environmental samples. This study demonstrated that PMA-qPCR is a rapid and selective detection method for viable bacteria in WWTP samples, and that WWTPs have an obvious function in removing both viable and non-viable bacteria. The results proved that PMA-qPCR is a promising detection method that has a high potential for application as a complementary method to the standard culture-based method in the future.     

用假单胞菌(PSEUDOMONAS SP.)E4-106生物转化苯丙酮酸生产L-苯丙氨酸研究

用从土壤中筛选的假单胞菌（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐ．）Ｅ４１０６株细胞进行了转化苯丙酮酸生产Ｌ苯丙氨酸实验研究．结果表明,转氨反应最适温度３５～４０℃;该转氨酶可在ｐＨ７～１０范围内催化反应而活力变化不大;０．５％戊二醛处理细胞可降低其转氨酶活力;表面活性剂处理细胞或在反应液中加入Ｍｇ２＋能显著提高转氨反应速度;Ｌ天冬氨酸是转氨反应的最适氨基供体;底物转化率与底物浓度、氨基供体浓度有关．在此反应体系中,Ｅ４１０６菌株单位湿重细胞的转氨酶活力为１０３９Ｕ／ｇ;生成产物ＬＰｈｅ浓度为３２．２ｇ／Ｌ和５０．４ｇ／Ｌ时,苯丙酮酸摩尔转化率分别为９７．５％、８７．２％．生成产物用ＣＧＡ６８８大孔吸附树脂进行分离、纯化．目标产物经熔点、比旋光度、元素分析、红外光谱和纸层析分析,证实是ＬＰｈｅ．产物收率为８１．８％．     

栀子中京尼平甙对CCl4急性小鼠肝损伤保护作用的生化机理研究

预先给小鼠灌胃不同剂量的京尼平甙后,以四氯化碳造模,通过测定小鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天氡氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)以及肝脏内GSH的含量并制作组织病理切片,研究了京尼平甙对四氯化碳肝损伤小鼠的保护作用,结果表明,京尼平甙能抑制四氯化碳肝中毒小鼠血清中ALT和AST的活性以及增加肝脏内GSH的含量.然后研究了京尼平甙对正常小鼠肝微粒体内细胞色素P4502E1和细胞色素P4503A活性的影响以及肝脏内谷胱甘肽(GSH)系统的影响,表明京尼平甙对正常小鼠肝微粒体内CYP4502E1具有明显的抑制作用,并能增强肝脏内谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)以及谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性.以上3个酶与自由基形成以及清除有关.图1表3参16     

代谢活化作用对多溴代联苯类污染物类/抗甲状腺激素活性的影响

选用大鼠肝匀浆(S9)和鼠肝癌细胞(H4ⅡE)两种体系代谢活化多溴代联苯醚混标(BDEs)和十溴联苯醚(BDE209),采用重组甲状腺激素受体基因酵母检测BDEs和BDE209母体及其代谢产物的类/抗甲状腺激素效应.结果表明,BDEs和BDE209母体均不表现甲状腺激素效应(p>0.05);但是经S9和H4ⅡE细胞代谢活化后,其代谢产物表现出明显的类甲状腺激素活性和抗甲状腺激素活性(p<0.05),BDEs和BDE209的干扰甲状腺激素效应需要经过代谢活化步骤.比较不同代谢活化体系,重组酵母细胞本身的代谢活化作用并不显著,而H4ⅡE细胞和S9代谢活化体系均能够导致活性中间体.     

PZT的EMI技术在土木工程健康监测中的研究进展

PZT(P iezoe lectric-ceram ic)的EM I(E lectro-m echan ica l im pedance)技术以其适于在线监测的诸多优点受到越来越多的关注。本文系统地阐述了PZT的E/M(电-机)耦合特性、PZT与本体结构的相互作用模型、EM I技术的基本原理及其在土木工程中的研究应用。利用PZT的EM I技术进行健康监测是具有广泛应用前景的一种方法,但由于其研究应用的时间不长,目前仍然处于试验室研究阶段,文中对该项技术中尚需解决的几个问题进行了总结。     

SUBSURFACE QUALITY TRANSFORMATIONS DURING THE INITIATION OF A NEW STABILIZATION LAGOON1

ABSTRACT Raw sewage was metered into a newly-constructed lagoon of the Pima County Department of Sanitation, Tucson, Arizona. Seepage losses were calculated from data on inflow, evaporation and change in storage. Water samples were obtained from shallow suction cups, a 40 ft. and a 60 ft. PVC well and a 100 ft. access tube, all located inside the lagoon. Samples from these wells, together with water samples from the lagoon, were examined for conform organisms and various physical and chemical constituents. Of special concern were transformations in nitrogen. Estimated seepage rates in the lagoon during inundation ranged from 0.20 ft. per day to 0.10 ft. per day. Water level observations in wells reflected the percolation of effluent to the water table, 70 ft. below land surface. Initially, the nitrate ion levels in the suction cup samples were high, manifesting the leaching of indigenous soil nitrogen. With the onset of anaerobic conditions at the base of the lagoon, nitrification was inhibited at the soil surface and ammonia became the predominant form of nitrogen in the soil solution. Sorption of ammonium ion appeared to occur on clay particles in a soil zone of high cation exchange capacity. There were no undesirable microbial or chemical effects of recharge from lagoon seepage on native groundwater quality.     

Purification of AS-CMP effluent by combined photosynthetic bacteria and coagulation treatment

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