太阳能固定膜光催化灭菌的特性

以实用型太阳能固定膜光催化中试装置对水中大肠杆菌的灭活特性进行了研究.结果表明,太阳能固定膜光催化灭菌包含光催化灭菌和阳光直接灭菌的协同作用,光催化杀菌效果优于阳光的直接杀菌效果.环境扫描电镜分析(ESEM)表明,光催化处理对菌体产生了致命性破坏.光催化灭菌还具有良好的持久性,灭菌处理8 h后,没有出现明显复活再生现象.光催化灭菌速率随循环流速、光强的增大而增大.太阳能固定膜光催化灭菌技术具有良好的应用前景.     

Evaluation of media for simultaneous enumeration of total coliform and Escherichia coli in drinking water supplies by membrane filtration techniques

This study evaluated three different dehydrated media for simultaneous detection and enumeration of total coliform （TC） and Escherichia coil in drinking water samples with a standard membrane filtration procedure. The experiment indicated that the differential coliform agar （DCA） medium was the most effective among the tested media in enumerating TC and E. coil, without the need for extensive accompanying confirmation tests. The results for DCA medium were highly reproducible for both TC and E. coil with standard deviation of 6.0 and 6.1, respectively. A high agreement （82%） was found between DCA and m-Endo media on 152 drinking water samples in terms of TC positive. The DCA medium also reduced concealment of background bacteria.     

中国电子垃圾现状及环境管理对策分析

20世纪以来,随着电子信息等高科技产业迅猛发展,电子技术不断升级,电子产品寿命周期越来越短,电子垃圾的产生量迅速增大。另一方面,国内电子废物的飞速增长和国外电子废物的大量涌入,成为中国环境安全重大隐患。电子垃圾成分复杂且其污染物众多,对电子垃圾的不恰当处理势必造成了严重的环境污染。本文就中国电子垃圾现状、相应的国内外管理对策进行了分析,并针对中国电子垃圾处理现状,从可持续性发展的环保战略高度,对如何改善电子废弃物管理现状、提高废弃物循环利用率、减少电子废弃物产生、降低电子废弃物的危害等进行建议性分析。     

B2C服饰类电商企业逆向物流网络联建研究

在电子商务环境下,由于网络购物的兴起,导致大量退货逆向物流和回收逆向物流.鉴于国内多数电商企业没有完善的逆向物流系统,相关学术研究和出版物较少,网购产品中81.8％是服装鞋帽类产品,故提出一种基于电商环境下服饰类行业联合构建逆向物流网络.该网络模型旨在降低两大逆向物流的回收成本,形成规模效应和溢出效应.因此,构建了0-1MILP数学模型和模拟数据,借助Lingo9.0计算软件找出模型的最佳运营状态,为服饰类电商企业高效完成逆向物流活动、提高服务质量、增强行业竞争力提供思路.     

紫外线消毒中的光复活作用

近年来,紫外线消毒技术在水处理中得到了越来越广泛的应用,它主要是利用短波紫外对微生物的伤害作用,通过在DNA中形成环丁烷嘧啶二聚体,阻碍基因的正常复制,从而导致细菌失活.但是细菌体内的光裂解酶在远紫外光和可见光作用下能够使失活的细菌重新获得活性,这就是光复活作用.低压消毒设备处理后大肠杆菌表现出了一定的光复活能力,但中压消毒设备能够有效的抑制其光复活作用;而噬肺军团菌在低压和中压设备处理后都表现出了很强的光复活能力.在应用紫外线消毒技术时光复活作用的影响不容忽视.     

Reconsidering autoignition in the context of modern process safety: Literature review and experimental analysis

Autoignition is regarded as the spontaneous combustion of a fuel without an apparent ignition source. With respect to fires and explosions in the process industries, the autoignition hazard is one that requires management and consideration. Despite the importance of understanding the autoignition hazard, the literature on the topic is often disappointingly sparse and inconsistent. Experimental methods don't adequately represent real-world conditions and are complicated by experimental error, invoking the need for a reconsideration of autoignition as it pertains to process safety. This work utilized the ASTM E659 method to study potential experimental error for the purpose of improving the process safety community's understanding of autoignition phenomena. Of interest to this study were effects of humidity and suspected occurrences of cool flames, two sources of error which have not been fully explained in the literature. For the fuels tested, results show that humidity has only a slight effect on overall autoignition behavior. However, this study's examination of cool flames suggests that they could be a common occurrence in this testing method. Analysis of these experiments show that cool flames can feature significant exothermic effects and are thus of concern from a perspective of risk management. In addition, this work proposes a novel criterion for a more conservative assessment of autoignition experiments, which results in less subjectivity of analysis.