Field evidence of decreased extractability of copper and nickel added to soils in 6-year field experiments

The phytotoxicity of added copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) is influenced by soil properties and field aging. However, the differences in the chemical behavior between Cu and Ni are still unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the extractability of added Cu and Ni in 6-year field experiments, as well as the link with their phytotoxicity. The results showed that the extractability of added Cu decreased by 6.63% (5.10%–7.90%), 22.5% (20.6%–23.9%), and 6.87% (0%–17.9%) on average for acidic, neutral, and alkaline soil from 1 to 6 years, although the phytotoxicity of added Cu and Ni did not change significantly from 1 to 6 years in the long term field experiment. Because of dissolution of Cu, when the pH decreased below 7.0, the extractability of Cu in alkaline soil by EDTA at pH 4.0 could not reflect the effects of aging. For Ni, the extractability decreased by 18.1% (10.1%–33.0%), 63.0% (59.2%–68.8%), and 22.0% (12.4%–31.8%) from 1 to 6 years in acidic, neutral, and alkaline soils, respectively, indicating the effects of aging on Ni were greater than on Cu. The sum of ten sequential extractions of Cu and Ni showed that added Cu was more extractable than Ni in neutral and alkaline soil, but similar in acidic soil.

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Leaching Characteristics of Heavy Metals and As from Two Urban Roadside Soils

The leaching tests, including the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), EDTA extraction and BCR sequential extractions before and after EDTA treatments, were performed on two specific soils to elucidate heavy metal-associated mineral fractions and general leachability. The TCLP illustrated the low leachability of heavy metals in soils from two sites. EDTA is a strong chelator and therefore had higher extraction efficiency compared to that of TCLP. The lower extraction percentages by EDTA for As and Sb were found compared to the other heavy metals derived from anthropogenic sources. Sequential extractions showed that the importance of acid-extractable, organically-bound and Fe–Mn oxide fractions was identified for anthropogenic heavy metals with the exception of As and Ni while the importance of residual fraction was identified for endogenous metals. Changes in sequential fractions of heavy metals after leaching with EDTA are very complex and it is difficult to generalize on which fraction was more mobile than the others. These combined results are helpful in elucidating the association of heavy metals to soil fractions and the mobility characteristics of heavy metals under certain environmental conditions.     

EDTA对波士顿蕨吸收Hg的影响及其光合响应

采用水培实验方法研究EDTA对波士顿蕨吸收和转移Hg的影响,以及波士顿蕨对Hg及Hg和EDTA胁迫下光合系统II(PSII)的响应.结果显示:波斯顿蕨的根部能富集Hg,加入EDTA可以提高Hg从其根部转移到地上部分.单独Hg处理略微抑制了叶绿素的合成,Hg或Hg与EDTA处理对叶绿素的合成没有明显的影响.Hg或Hg与EDTA对植物的光合作用产生一定程度的胁迫作用.Hg单独处理或Hg与EDTA一起处理都导致了植物光合效能指数下降,干扰光系统II中的能量转移,将部分反应中心被转化为能耗中心,在一定程度上抑制了光系统II中的电子传递.     

Effects of EDTA and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on plant growth and heavy metal uptake of hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance

Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environment-friendly strategy for decontaminating heavy-metal-contaminated soil. However, the practical use of phytoremediation is constrained by the low biomass of plants and low bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the metal chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and EDTA in combination with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Burkholderia sp. D54 or Burkholderia sp. D416) on the growth and metal uptake of the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance. According to the results, EDTA application decreased shoot and root biomass by 50% and 43%, respectively. The soil respiration and Cd, Pb, Zn uptake were depressed, while the photosynthetic rate, glutathione and phytochelatin (PC) contents were increased by EDTA application. Interestingly, Burkholderia sp. D54 and Burkholderia sp. D416 inoculation significantly relieved the inhibitory effects of EDTA on plant growth and soil respiration. Compared with the control, EDTA + D416 treatment increased the Cd concentration in shoots and decreased the Pb concentration in shoots and roots, but did not change the Zn concentration in S. alfredii plants. Furthermore, EDTA, EDTA + D54 and EDTA + D416 application increased the cysteine and PC contents in S. alfredii (p < 0.05); among all tested PCs, the most abundant species was PC2, and compared with the control, the PC2 content was increased by 371.0%, 1158.6% and 815.6%, respectively. These results will provide some insights into the practical use of EDTA and PGPR in the phytoremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil by S. alfredii.     

EDTA及其回收溶液治理重金属污染土壤的研究

试验结果表明,EDTA能够有效地萃取土壤重金属,由于其价格较贵和不易被降解等特点,限制了它的广泛运用.在运用MINTEQA2模型对萃取液中重金属离子形态分析的基础上,选用Na2S沉淀法将重金属从EDTA萃取液中有效分离.同时将回收的EDTA连续进行萃取土壤重金属,由于回收EDTA浓度下降的原因,其效果比新鲜EDTA的要稍微差一点,但从经济和效率上来说,仍旧可以用来治理重金属污染的土壤.     

pH值对废水中氨氮监测结果的影响

在相同水温条件下,采用中华人民共和国国家环境保护标准HJ537—2009（（水质氨氮的测定蒸馏一中和滴定法》测量水中氨浓度时,不同的pH值会对废水中氨氮浓度的监测结果造成影响。pH值对测定水样氨氮含量监测结果的影响呈先增大后下降的趋势,在pH值为6。0～7．4之间测定水样氨氮含量最大。     

不同形态锌离子对鲫鱼谷胱甘肽系统的影响

研究了在室内模拟条件下,不同形态锌离子(Zn²⁺与Zn-EDTA)长期(40d)暴露对鲫鱼(Crucian curatus)肝脏谷胱甘肽系统的影响.结果表明,在试验剂量范围内,0.10mg/L的Zn²⁺暴露即能引起鲫鱼肝脏中锌显著积累,明显高于Zn-EDTA暴露试验中的积累量.鲫鱼肝脏中谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性,在Zn²⁺及Zn-EDTA浓度为0.05mg/L(低于渔业水质标准0.10mg/L)时就受到了显著抑制,Zn-EDTA较高浓度(>0.1mg/L)暴露对GR活性的抑制率更大.Zn²⁺对谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量及GSH/GSSG均有抑制作用,且存在良好的剂量-效应关系.     

地下水中钙镁离子的自动连续测定

研究了用GD-201通用自动滴定仪连续测定地下水样品中钙镁离子含量的方法。取一份溶液,以酸性兰K为指示剂,用EDTA进行滴定,由仪器判断滴定终点,计算机直接打出分析结果。方法操作简便,分析速度快,终点判断准确,实用性强。钙镁离子的相对标准偏差分别为1.23%、1.37%。检出浓度分别为0.126mg/L、0.143mg/L。回收率均在97.8%～104.1%之间。     

沉积物中磷形态与湖泊富营养化的关系

应用乙二胺四乙酸法对长江中下游太湖、巢湖和龙感湖等3个湖泊表层沉积物中磷的形态进行连续提取和测定.结果发现,在表层沉积物中,3个湖泊钙磷的百分含量比较接近,占总磷的30%左右,太湖和巢湖铁磷的百分含量显著高于龙感湖,而龙感湖有机磷的相对含量较高,可达40%~50%.这3个湖泊沉积物中有机磷形态差别十分明显,其中太湖沉积物中的有机磷主要以酸可提取有机磷形式存在,巢湖沉积物中酸可提取有机磷约占总有机磷的一半,而龙感湖的有机磷大部分与腐殖酸结合.沉积物中酸可提取有机磷的释放可能又是一个导致湖泊富营养化的重要过程.     

Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA/H2O2电催化降解甲基橙模拟废水的研究

在无隔膜电解槽中,采用SPR(Ru-Ir-Ti0₂)为阳极,石墨为阴极,考察了Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA/H₂O₂电催化降解甲基橙(methyl orange)模拟废水的影响,发现EDTA很大程度上促进了类电Fenton试剂对甲基橙模拟废水的降解。实验研究表明,在外加电压为5.0 V,EDTA∶Fe²⁺=2∶1(摩尔比,Fe²⁺=40 mmol/L),H₂O₂=48 mmol/L,电解质Na₂SO₄=40 mmol/L,废水pH值为(6.5±0.1)的条件下,降解260 mg/L的甲基橙模拟废水90 min, EDTA的加入可以使甲基橙模拟废水的脱色率由29.5%上升到78.4%,COD由571.429 mg/L降至80 mg/L,COD的降解率为86%,EDTA在此过程中既是催化剂又是反应物,可有效避免EDTA带来二次环境污染的可能性。