水杉锯末对三价铬离子的吸附机理研究

用酸碱电势滴定法和静态实验对木屑表面的带电状况﹑Cr3+的吸附规律及其吸附反应焓进行了研究,并用X射线光电子能谱对吸附Cr3+前后的木屑表面元素进行了测定。结果表明木屑的等电点(pHzpc)为3.2,pH大于时表面带负电;木屑表面的羧基离子是带电的主要官能团,也是吸附Cr3+的主要基团;羧基与Cr3+之间为1∶1的配位吸附。     

微回流比色测定仪与滴定法测定水中COD值的方法对比

简单介绍了微回流法和滴定法测定水中COD浓度值的原理及方法,着重对两种方法的测定结果进行了对比,并通过统计验证,证明两种方法无显著性差异.     

以炼铝灰渣为原料制备絮凝剂及其应用

通过正交实验确定:10g一次铝灰渣和100mL浓度为4mol/L的盐酸在100℃搅拌浸取(转速为140r/min)2h,具有最佳的溶出效果,对制备的絮凝剂进行pH值调节可使之达到最佳的污水处理效果.     

Heavy metal accumulation of urban domestic rubbish compost in turfgrass by EDTA chelating

Seven kinds of heavy metal accumulation of rubbish compost in turfgrass by EDTA chelating were investigated. With EDTA application, heavy metal accumulation by two species of turfgrass was increased significantly. The enrichment coefficients of Lolium perenne L（L） and Festuca arundinacea L（F） to Cr reached 9.4.5 and 6.15 respectively. In the range of EDTA dosages given, heavy metal accumulation in turfgrass increased with increasing EDTA level. There were significant differences in remediation of different metals by applying EDTA. L had high ability to accumulate Cr, Cd, Ni and Zn, showing better remediation to heavy metals of rubbish compost. In contrast, F showed high ability to accumulate Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn. Low EDTA level increased aboveground net primary production （ANP） of turfgrass, but EDTA would considerably inhibit it when EDTA was higher than 20 mmol/kg. The results demonstrated that the optimum dosage of EDTA for remediating heavy metals in rubbish compost by turfgrass was between 10 mmol/kg and 20 mmol/kg.     

乙二胺四乙酸合钴吸收一氧化氮的研究

采用乙二胺四乙酸合钴对NO气体进行络合吸收实验,以实现湿法脱硝。试验初步研究Co2+EDTA络合吸收NO的反应条件,主要影响因素包括氧含量、p H值、反应温度和吸收剂浓度。研究结果表明,有氧存在时,Co2+EDTA具有一定的脱除NO能力。在50℃时,鼓泡反应装置中当氧质量分数为10%,溶液p H=9.0时,以0.01 mol/L的Co2+EDTA作为吸收液与NO进行反应,脱硝率可达到74%以上,并可维持一定时间的脱硝作用。     

恒电流库仑滴定法测定铬渣中的铬（Ⅵ）

铬渣样品以（１＋１０）磷酸溶液加热消解１．５ｈ,可得到完全澄清的消解液。采用恒电流库仓滴定法测定消解液中的Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）,测得值（１．６４％）与标样参考值（１．７％）接近,准确度高,相对标准偏差为０．９８％。适于铬渣中Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的日常监测。     

Degradation of chelating agents in aqueous solution using advanced oxidation process (AOP)

This article presents an overview with critical analysis of technical applicability of advanced oxidation process (AOP) in removing chelating agents from aqueous solution. Apart from the effect of metals for chelating agents as a major influencing factor, selected information such as pH, oxidant’s dose, concentrations of pollutants and treatment performance is presented. The performance of individual AOP is compared. It is evident from our literature survey that photocatalysis with UV irradiation alone or coupled with TiO₂, ozonation and Fenton’s oxidation are frequently applied to mineralize target pollutants. Overall, the selection of the most suitable AOP depends on the characteristics of effluents, technical applicability, discharge standard, regulatory requirements and environmental impacts.     

含苯酚危险废物的改进型Fenton氧化处理研究

建立以EDTA钠铁作为催化剂的改进型Fenton氧化体系,研究改进型Fenton氧化处理含高浓度苯酚危险废物的影响因素、处理效果和控制参数。研究结果表明,针对含苯酚污染土壤的自配样,当EDTA钠铁投加量为2μmol/g,15%H2O2投加量为0.1 mL/g,体系含水率为33%左右,反应时间60 min时,苯酚(含量为2 mg/g)的氧化降解率可达90%以上,反应后的体系pH约为5.7,便于直接进行固化稳定化等后续处理。该处理过程较传统型Fenton体系温和、安全,且适用于中性pH的体系,可应用于高苯酚含量且以固相无机质为主体的危险废物的快速应急处理。     

Fe(II)EDTA/H_2O_2电催化降解甲基橙模拟废水的研究

在无隔膜电解槽中,采用SPR(Ru-Ir-TiO_2)为阳极,石墨为阴极,考察了Fe(II)EDTA/H_2O_2电催化降解甲基橙(methyl orange)模拟废水的影响,发现EDTA很大程度上促进了类电Fenton试剂对甲基橙模拟废水的降解.实验研究表明,在外加电压为5.0v,EDTA:Fe~(2+) =2:1(摩尔比,Fe~(2+) =40 mmol/L),H_2O_2=48 mmol/L,电解质Na_2SO_4=40 mmol/L,废水pH值为(6.5±0.1)的条件下,降解260 mg/L的甲基橙模拟废水90 min,EDTA的加入可以使甲基橙模拟废水的脱色率由29.5%上升到78.4%,COD由571.429 mg/L降至80 mg/L,COD的降解率为86%,EDTA在此过程中既是催化剂又是反应物,可有效避免EDTA带来二次环境污染的可能性.     

Eisenia fetida avoidance behavior as a tool for assessing the efficiency of remediation of Pb, Zn and Cd polluted soil

Remediation by means of soil leaching with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is capable of extracting the most labile soil fractions, leaving the residual metals in biologically non-available forms. We evaluated the feasibility of the standardized earthworm (Eisenia fetida) avoidance test for assessing the efficiency of soil remediation of Pb, Zn and Cd polluted soil. Chemical extraction tests (six-step sequential extraction, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, physiologically based extraction test, diethylenediaminepentaacetic acid extraction) indicated that the mobility, oral bioaccessibility and phytoavailability of Pb, Zn and Cd were consistently reduced. However, the avoidance test showed no significant avoidance of polluted soil in favor of that which had been remediated. Pb, Zn and Cd accumulation in E. fetida mirrored the decreasing pattern of metal potential bioavailability gained by leaching the soil with increasing EDTA concentrations. The calculated bioaccumulation factors indicated the possibility of underestimating the metal bioavailability in soil using chemical extraction tests.