HPLC分析检测我国沿海双壳贝类体内赤潮毒素

使用HPLC方法分析了2001年8～10月间采集的我国沿海双壳贝类体中的腹泻性贝毒(DiarrheticShellfishPoisoning,DSP)。共分析了肌肉样品64个,消化腺样品11个,其中渤海18个肌肉样品中检出DSP的7个,南海和东海DSP未检出,消化腺检出DSP的有6个,含量最高的是菊花岛菲律宾蛤仔消化腺7.12×10-6(湿重)。并首次报道分析我国沿海双壳贝类体内记忆缺失性贝毒(AmnesicShellfishPoisoning,ASP)HPLC分析方法和结果。     

广东大亚湾和大鹏湾麻痹性贝类毒素研究

于1997－1999年在广东大亚湾和大鹏湾的主要贝类养殖区设立了4个采样点,以华贵栉孔扇贝和翡翠贻贝为对象逐月采样,以美国分析化学家协会（AOAC）推荐的小白鼠法测定其麻痹性贝类毒素（PSP）含量．1999年1－6月大亚湾东山海域的扇贝贝毒含量高于联合国粮农组织（FAO）制定的贝类安全食用标准的限定值,尤其是1月份,超过限定值近30倍．贻贝仅1月份超标．总体上贝毒含量表现为由冬春季高峰期逐月波动下降的趋势．大亚湾澳头和大鹏湾南澳的两种贝类毒素含量都不高,扇贝长期含有较低的毒素,贻贝在大部分时间内不含毒素．     

On the scope and management of pesticide pollution of Swedish groundwater resources: The Scanian example

Twenty-three south-Swedish public supply wells were studied to assess pesticide pollution of regional groundwater resources. Relations between pesticide occurrence, hydrogeology, and land use were analyzed using Kohonen’s Self-Organizing Maps approach. Pesticides are demonstrated to be substantially present in regional groundwater, with detections in 18 wells. Concentrations above the drinking water threshold are confirmed for nine wells. Observations indicate considerable urban influence, and lagged effects of past, less restricted use. Modern, oxic waters from shallow, unconfined, unconsolidated or fracture-type bedrock aquifers appear particularly vulnerable. Least affected waters appear primarily associated with deeper wells, anoxic conditions, and more confined sediment aquifers lacking urban influence. Comprehensive, standardized monitoring of pesticides in groundwater need to be implemented nationwide to enable sound assessments of pollution status and trends, and to develop sound groundwater management plans in accordance with the Water Framework Directive. Further, existing water protection areas and associated regulations need to be reassessed.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0548-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Economic impact of ocean acidification on shellfish production in Europe

Ocean acidification (OA) is increasingly recognized as a major global problem. Despite the scientific evidence, economic assessments of its effects are few. This analysis is an attempt to perform a national and sub-national assessment of the economic impact of OA on mollusc production in Europe. We focus on mollusc production because the scientific evidence on the biological impact on calcifying organisms is ample relative to other types of marine organisms. In addition, Europe and its regions are significant producers of marine molluscs. By performing a partial-equilibrium analysis, we show that the highest levels of overall impact are found in the countries with the largest current production, such as France, Italy and Spain. For Europe as a whole, the annual impact will be over 1 billion USD in 2100. Due to the different production foci of the individual countries and their regions, the distribution of the impact is extremely uneven across countries and their respective regions, with the most affected sub-national regions being those on the Atlantic coast of France, which is an important region for oyster production.     

日本公司应对欧盟指令的措施概述

通过介绍日本东芝、松下、索尼公司为应对欧盟WEEE指令和ROHS指令所采取的措施,总结了对我国企业具有借鉴作用的经验及方法。     

广东沿海麻痹性贝毒素的地理分布特征

对采自2001年和2002年10～11月间的广东省近岸海域15个地点的翡翠贻贝样品,用Oshima麻痹性贝类毒素高效液相色谱法进行主要毒素成份分析。结果显示：高毒性毒素成分STX、GTX1检出率较低,而低毒性毒素成分C1、C2、GTX5及中等毒性毒素成分GTX3、GTX4检出率较高;各主要毒素成分在地区间存在一些差异;与2001年相比,2002年各主要毒素成分的检出率和检出的毒素含量值有所降低,消化腺在这方面变化尤其明显;不论消化腺或壳内全部软组织,其PSP毒性的平均值,存在明显的地理分布差异,大亚湾、大鹏湾海域〉深圳湾、珠海海域和粤东海域〉粤西海域。     

南海近岸海域腹泻性贝类毒素分析

通过对近年来南海近岸海域贝类样品的腹泻性贝毒素小白鼠生物法检测结果的分析,表明广西主要的染毒海域是涠洲赤控区、铁山港及防城港等地,海南主要的染毒海域是陵水赤控区、海口、莺歌海、三亚及洋浦等地,广东主要的染毒海域是大鹏湾赤控区、大亚湾及北津港等地;广西的涠洲赤控区、海南的陵水赤控区及广东的大鹏湾赤控区DSP毒素含量值较高;在染毒的贝类种类方面,广西和海南比较有普遍性,广东主要以华贵栉孔扇贝和翡翠贻贝为主.     

成都市境内外来物种福寿螺的危害现状调查及防治措施分析

本文对外来物种福寿螺在成都市的危害现状、生物学特性、发生规律及防治措施进行了系统总结,并提出管理对策措施建议。     

辽东半岛海域鱼贝中有机氯农药残留及其风险评估

2011年1月-2012年5月间采集了辽东半岛海域11种鱼类和2种贝类样品,分析了其可食部位中22种有机氯农药的残留量,评估了其中DDTs和HCHs的残留对人体健康的风险。在所调查样品中HCB、HCHs和DDTs是主要的污染物,样品中OCPs残留量为57.12~546.15μg·kg-1。利用污染指数计算法评估,旅顺海域小黄鱼、鳙鱼、中国斗鱼和偏口鱼未受到HCHs的污染,棒花鱼受到HCHs轻度污染,其它鱼种样品均受到重度污染,而对于DDTs,只有鲫鱼未受到污染,其它鱼种样品均受到重度污染。大黄鱼、梭鱼、黑鱼和鳙鱼体内HCHs残留量明显高于国标再残留限值,DDTs残留量符合国标标准。α-HCH、γ-HCH、β-HCH、p,p'-DDE、p,p'-DDD和p,p'-DDT的致癌风险指数范围为0.32×10-6~49.57×10-6,均低于10-4,为可接受的致癌风险;α-HCH、γ-HCH、β-HCH、p,p'-DDE的接触风险指数ERI为0.01×10-3~153.28×10-3,均小于1,为可接受的接触风险,但2012年4月的黑鱼样品上述六种农药的CRI总值高于10-4,存在潜在的致癌风险,因此,建议黑鱼的日均食用量应控制在50 g以下较为安全。     

Arsenic and Other Metal Contamination of Groundwaters in the Industrial Area of Thessaloniki, Northern Greece

In groundwater, used for drinking water supply in the greater industrial area of Thessaloniki, in Northern Greece, concentrations of total arsenic exceeded the WHO provisional guideline value and the EU maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 μg/L. The concentration of total arsenic was in the range between 4–130 μg/L, whereas the median value was 36 μg/L and the average concentration 46 μg/L. Nine out of the eleven wells contained total arsenic at concentration higher than 10 μg/L and it should be stressed that 6 of them contain arsenic at concentrations between 10 (new MCL) and 50 μg/L (previous MCL). The examined groundwaters were found to contain elevated concentrations of manganese and phosphate. Arsenic had a positive correlation with the pH, indicating the possible effect of pH on arsenic mobilisation. These findings emerge the problem of contamination from arsenic, since, according to the EU directive 98/83, all drinking water sources within the European Union should have achieved compliance with the new limits by 12/2003, implying that the situation requires urgent remedial action.