南海近岸海域腹泻性贝类毒素分析

通过对近年来南海近岸海域贝类样品的腹泻性贝毒素小白鼠生物法检测结果的分析,表明广西主要的染毒海域是涠洲赤控区、铁山港及防城港等地,海南主要的染毒海域是陵水赤控区、海口、莺歌海、三亚及洋浦等地,广东主要的染毒海域是大鹏湾赤控区、大亚湾及北津港等地;广西的涠洲赤控区、海南的陵水赤控区及广东的大鹏湾赤控区DSP毒素含量值较高;在染毒的贝类种类方面,广西和海南比较有普遍性,广东主要以华贵栉孔扇贝和翡翠贻贝为主.     

广东沿海麻痹性贝毒素的地理分布特征

对采自2001年和2002年10～11月间的广东省近岸海域15个地点的翡翠贻贝样品,用Oshima麻痹性贝类毒素高效液相色谱法进行主要毒素成份分析。结果显示：高毒性毒素成分STX、GTX1检出率较低,而低毒性毒素成分C1、C2、GTX5及中等毒性毒素成分GTX3、GTX4检出率较高;各主要毒素成分在地区间存在一些差异;与2001年相比,2002年各主要毒素成分的检出率和检出的毒素含量值有所降低,消化腺在这方面变化尤其明显;不论消化腺或壳内全部软组织,其PSP毒性的平均值,存在明显的地理分布差异,大亚湾、大鹏湾海域〉深圳湾、珠海海域和粤东海域〉粤西海域。     

成都市境内外来物种福寿螺的危害现状调查及防治措施分析

本文对外来物种福寿螺在成都市的危害现状、生物学特性、发生规律及防治措施进行了系统总结,并提出管理对策措施建议。     

辽东半岛海域鱼贝中有机氯农药残留及其风险评估

2011年1月-2012年5月间采集了辽东半岛海域11种鱼类和2种贝类样品,分析了其可食部位中22种有机氯农药的残留量,评估了其中DDTs和HCHs的残留对人体健康的风险。在所调查样品中HCB、HCHs和DDTs是主要的污染物,样品中OCPs残留量为57.12~546.15μg·kg-1。利用污染指数计算法评估,旅顺海域小黄鱼、鳙鱼、中国斗鱼和偏口鱼未受到HCHs的污染,棒花鱼受到HCHs轻度污染,其它鱼种样品均受到重度污染,而对于DDTs,只有鲫鱼未受到污染,其它鱼种样品均受到重度污染。大黄鱼、梭鱼、黑鱼和鳙鱼体内HCHs残留量明显高于国标再残留限值,DDTs残留量符合国标标准。α-HCH、γ-HCH、β-HCH、p,p'-DDE、p,p'-DDD和p,p'-DDT的致癌风险指数范围为0.32×10-6~49.57×10-6,均低于10-4,为可接受的致癌风险;α-HCH、γ-HCH、β-HCH、p,p'-DDE的接触风险指数ERI为0.01×10-3~153.28×10-3,均小于1,为可接受的接触风险,但2012年4月的黑鱼样品上述六种农药的CRI总值高于10-4,存在潜在的致癌风险,因此,建议黑鱼的日均食用量应控制在50 g以下较为安全。     

Workers’ exposure to electric fields during the task ‘maintenance of an operating device of circuit breaker from a service platform’ at 110-kV substations

The objective of the study was to investigate occupational exposure to electric fields during the task ‘maintenance of an operating device of circuit breaker from a service platform’ at 110-kV substations. The aim was also to compare the results to Directive 2013/35/EU. At 16 substations, 255 electric field measurements were performed. The highest mean value of the electric fields was 9.6?kV?m^?1. At 63% of substations the maximum values were over 10.0?kV?m^?1, and at 31% of the substations the 75th percentiles were over 10.0?kV?m^?1, which is the low action level (AL) according to Directive 2013/35/EU. All measured values were below the high AL (20.0?kV?m^?1). In the future, it is important to take into account that the measurements were only taken at Finnish 110-kV substations; therefore, it is not possible to generalize these results to other countries and different types of substations.     

Possibilities and limitations of a comparative assessment of process technologies from a cleaner production point of view

This article presents a method for a comparative assessment of process technologies from a cleaner production point of view as well as the results of testing this method in practice. Based on these results and on an analysis of existing technology information systems, an estimation is made of the general possibilities and limitations of a comparative assessment of process technologies from a cleaner production point of view. Finally, the resulting consequences for the definition of ‘best available techniques' in accordance with the new EC Council Directive Concerning Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) are discussed. This article argues that apart from the difficulties related to the valuation of different kinds of materials and energy a major limiting factor is caused by the fact that the function of a production has to be defined very precisely to enable a comparison between different types of process technologies in sufficient detail.     

Prenatal transvaginal diagnosis of the ectrodactyly,ectodermal dysplasia,cleft palate (EEC) syndrome

Transvaginal ultrasonography performed at 14 weeks' gestation demonstrated a bilateral cleft lip and lobster-claw deformities of the hands and feet, in keeping with the diagnosis of EEC syndrome (ectrodactyly or lobster-claw deformity, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip and palate). The fetus was aborted and the diagnosis of EEC syndrome was confirmed.     

杭州湾南岸滩涂环境状况及与贝类养殖的关系

浙江省慈溪市滩涂环境与贝类养殖的调查结果显示，杭州湾海域水中石油类及无机氮含量介于Ⅱ、Ⅲ类海水水质标准之间，无机磷平均含量超过Ⅳ类海水水质标准。滩涂底质总体上符合海洋沉积物第一类标准，但一些样点多氯联苯（PCBs）超标。分离N2976株细菌，隶属17个属及肠杆菌科的部分属，具有明显的陆源性特点。发现浮游生物71种，主要为硅藻类等广盐性种类，大部分为贝类的主要天然饵料。石油类、Cd、Cr、Hg、Cu及PCBs残留量在一些贝体内不同程度地超过GB18421-2001《海洋生物贝类质量标准》。为有效改良和保育滩涂环境，提高养殖贝类的产量和质量，在揭示滩涂环境与贝类养殖关系的基础上，提出了一些统筹兼顾的措施和建议。     

辽宁黄海沿岸水域增养殖贝类病害发生机理和防治对策

辽宁黄海水域增养殖贝类的大面积死亡，严重制约了这一产业的可持续发展，本文根据国内外的最新研究成果，探讨了这一海域增养殖贝类病害发生与全球气候异常、养殖环境质量降低、超养殖容量、养殖贝类遗传质量降低、生物学性状差异等的关系。     

RIVPACS models for predicting the expected macroinvertebrate fauna and assessing the ecological quality of rivers

The European Union Water Framework Directive recognises the need for and value of biological monitoring. This paper reviews the modelling approach known as River Invertebrate Prediction and Classification System (RIVPACS for assessing the ecological quality of river sites using macroinvertebrate sampling. The RIVPACS philosophy is to develop statistical relationships between the fauna and the environmental characteristics of a large set of high quality reference sites which can be used to predict the macroinvertebrate fauna to be expected at any site in the absence of pollution or other environmental stress. The observed fauna at new test sites can then be compared with their site-specific expected fauna to derive indices of ecological quality. All methodological decisions in any such model development have implications for the reliability, precision and robustness of any resulting indices for assessing the ecological quality and ecological grade (‘status’) of individual river stretches. The choice of reference sites and environmental predictor variables, the site classification and discrimination methods, the estimation of the expected fauna, and indices for comparing the agreement, or lack of it, between the observed and expected fauna, are all discussed. The indices are assessed on the reference sites and on a separate test set of 340 sites, which are subject to a wide range of types and degrees of impairment.