Geographic Variability in Radon Exhalation at a Rehabilitated Uranium Mine in the Northern Territory, Australia

In this study, dry season radon flux densities and radon fluxes have been determined at the rehabilitated Nabarlek uranium mine in northern Australia using conventional charcoal canisters. Environmental background levels amounted to 31± 15 milli Becquerel per m² per second (mBq m⁻² s⁻¹). Radon flux densities within the fenced rehabilitated mine area showed large variations with a maximum of 6500 mBq m⁻² s⁻¹ at an area south of the former pit characterised by a disequilibrium between ²²⁶Ra and ²³⁸U. Radon flux densities were also high above the areas of the former pit (mean 971 mBq m⁻² s⁻¹) and waste rock dump (mean 335 mBq m⁻² s⁻¹). The lower limit for the total pre-mining radon flux from the fenced area (140 ha) was estimated to 214 kBq s⁻¹, post-mining radon flux amounted to 174 kBq s⁻¹.Our study highlights that the results of radon flux studies are vitally dependant on the selection of individual survey points. We suggest the use of a randomised system for both the selection of survey points and the placement of charcoal canisters at each survey point, to avoid over estimation of radon flux densities. It is also important to emphasize the significance of having reliable pre-mining radiological data available to assess the success of rehabilitation of a uranium mine site.2006 Springer. The Australian Government's right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty free licence in and to any copyright is acknowledged.     

Determination of Frequency for Remeasuring Ground and Vegetation Cover Factor Needed for Soil Erosion Modeling

Determining a remeasurement frequency of variables over time is required in monitoring environmental systems. This article demonstrates methods based on regression modeling and spatio-temporal variability to determine the time interval to remeasure the ground and vegetation cover factor on permanent plots for monitoring a soil erosion system. The spatio-temporal variability methods include use of historical data to predict semivariograms, modeling average temporal variability, and temporal interpolation by two-step kriging. The results show that for the cover factor, the relative errors of the prediction increase with an increased length of time interval between remeasurements when using the regression and semivariogram models. Given precision or accuracy requirements, appropriate time intervals can be determined. However, the remeasurement frequency also varies depending on the prediction interval time. As an alternative method, the range parameter of a semivariogram model can be used to quantify average temporal variability that approximates the maximum time interval between remeasurements. This method is simpler than regression and semivariogram modeling, but it requires a long-term dataset based on permanent plots. In addition, the temporal interpolation by two-step kriging is also used to determine the time interval. This method is applicable when remeasurements in time are not sufficient. If spatial and temporal remeasurements are sufficient, it can be expanded and applied to design spatial and temporal sampling simultaneously.     

等离子体脱硫运行参数分析

利用介质阻挡强电离放电产生非平衡等离子体,进行模拟烟气脱硫。通过一次回归正交设计,对影响非平衡等离子体脱硫效率的因素进行了分析,建立了多元线性回归模型,分析了因子的主次,并得到了实验指标和各因子之间的定量规律。通过对模型的优化,获得了使脱硫率较高的各因素的最优组合。     

Psychological Reactance From Reading Basic Facts on Climate Change: The Role of Prior Views and Political Identification

Scholars continue to search for solutions to shift climate change skeptics’ views on climate science and policy. However, research has shown that certain audiences are resistant to change regarding environmental issues. To explore this issue further, we examine the presence of reactance among different audiences in response to simple, yet prominently used, climate change messages. Our results show that emphasizing the scientific consensus of climate change produces reactance, but only among people who question the existence of climate change. Moreover, adding political identification to the model as an additional moderating variable shows the increases in reactance occur among Republicans who question the existence of climate change. Finally, our results show that reactance to climate change messaging may lead to backfiring effects on important outcomes tied to climate change such as risk perceptions, climate change beliefs, and support for mitigation policies.     

响应面法优化酸性玫瑰红B光催化氧化的影响参数

利用中心组合设计和响应面分析方法对影响UV/TiO2光催化降解酸性玫瑰红B的主要因素(初始pH值、K2S2O8浓度、TiO2浓度)进行分析.其中初始pH值、K2S2O8浓度和TiO2浓度的高、低水平分别为4-5.6,26-36mg·l-1和0.53-1.87mg·l-1,分析参数为脱色率的变化.通过使用Design-Expert 5软件可得到1个2次响应曲面模型,最佳的初始pH值、K2S2O8浓度和TiO2浓度分别为4.69,29.73mg·l-1和1.18 mg·l-1,脱色率达到最大(94.21%).     

电磁兼容测量结果可追溯性技术探讨

无线电波因其具有较强的方向性和反射性等传播特点,往往会引起电磁兼容测量结果的不稳定甚至有较大的偏差,如果不对测量过程中的测量和试验布置、试品的工况、记录报告等要素进行可追溯性分析和控制,势必会造成测量结果的随意和不确定性.因此在电磁兼容测量实验室,非常有必要对测量过程和测量结果进行可追溯性研究、分析和控制,一是提供准确可再现的测量数据,对客户负责,二是通过可追溯性控制,再现试验和测量过程,验证测量结果,对实验室的风险进行预见和预防.本文主要立求通过实际案例的分析,畅述和分析在电磁兼容测量实验室如何建立可追溯性的控制体系.     

中国地质调查局安全生产管理平台方案探讨

安全生产管理平台是中国地质调查局为应对日益严峻的地质调查安全生产形势,加强地质调查安全生产监管而开发的一套软件系统,涵盖了安全管理工作的大多数内容,并具有信息处理、数据记录、文档管理、统计查询等功能。文章从系统目标、系统设计、主要功能模块等几方面分析了安全生产管理平台设计方案。建议加快安全生产管理平台研发速度,提高我国地质调查安全生产管理水平。     

黄河上游玛曲生态系统服务价值的估算和生态环境管理的政策设计

黄河上游玛曲草地生态系统的保护对整个黄河流域的生态安全意义重大。本文参考Costanza等人提出的方法和谢高地等人的研究成果估算了玛曲的生态系统服务价值，结果为96.25亿元／年，远高于经济产品1.93亿元／年的现价。基于草地资源可持续利用和牧民生活水平不断改善的要求，提出了以改变超载过牧为目标、以生态补偿为核心内容的草地生态系统管理的政策设计，生态补偿的标准应不少于0.93亿元／年。生态环境管理的政策内容主要包括：产业开发和产业转型、生态移民和牧民定居、草场管理、技术推广以及控制人口过快增长和促进社会进步等。     

Influencing climate change regulations: examining responses from large-scale firms

Recent climate change projections and a push towards a universal agreement on carbon emission reductions suggest that firms will need to respond to future regulatory changes. This paper employs an influencing strategies lens to examine how large-scale firms might respond to future climate change regulations. The study uses a structured qualitative methodology to explore and explicate the strategic responses from 21 international firms to the proposed emissions trading scheme outlined in Australia's Garnaut Climate Change Review. The results of the analysis show that firms can use pre-emptive influencing strategies in attempts to shape and mould regulatory design parameters, secure high levels of transitional economic support, and shift the balance of public policies and expenditure. Complementary defensive strategies may also target policy makers and regulators with some of the potential negative consequences of the new regulations.     

智能家电的低待机功耗研究

从智能家电待机工作状态入手,分析电器产品中参与待机工作的各部分电路原理,提出降低潜在功耗设计思路和计算方法,从家电设计研发阶段对待机功耗进行控制,同时对待机功耗精确测量方法关键点进行解读以控制低功耗测试不确定度,有助于低待机功耗设计和测量的标准化和规范化。