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61.
海南东部河口和近岸海域总溶解态无机砷的分布及季节变化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用氢化物发生原子荧光法对2006年12月和2007年8月航次海南东部河流、河口、近岸及地下水中的总溶解态无机砷(total dissolved inorganic arsenic,TDIAs,As5++As3+)进行了测定.2006年12月万泉河及河口、文昌/文教河及河口、近岸TDIAs的浓度分别为4.0~9.4、1.3~13.3、13.3~17.3 nmol.L-1,2007年8月万泉河及河口、文昌/文教河及河口、近岸、地下水TDIAs的浓度分别为1.6~15.5、2.4~15.9、10.8~17.6、未检出~41.7 nmol.L-1.结果表明,万泉河及文昌/文教河河流、河口TDIAs的浓度不存在显著性季节变化,较我国及世界其它河流、河口偏低,处于自然状态.砷在万泉河口和文昌/文教河口混合过程中均表现为保守混合.以文昌/文教河为例,初步估算出2007年文昌/文教河口地下水向沿岸砷的输送通量为1 153 mol.a-1,约为文昌/文教河砷入海通量的二分之一,表明海南东部沿岸地下水也是沿岸海区砷的主要来源之一. 相似文献
62.
为提高四川省城市放射性废物库的安全管理水平,确保库区辐射环境安全和库内放射源实体安全,对2016—2021年四川省城市放射性废物库的库区环境监测结果进行了分析。分析表明:库区的γ辐射剂量率满足《核技术利用放射性废物贮存库选址、设计与建造技术要求》(试行)的要求,库区表面污染水平满足《电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准》(GB 18871—2002)的规定,库区气溶胶历年监测数据一致性较好。此外,库区完善的安防措施为库区的安全运行提供了有力保障。四川省城市放射性废物库的运行未对库区环境造成不良影响,库区辐射环境质量良好。废物库的运行状态良好,库区辐射安全可控,其安全运行对保障全省核技术利用产业的发展和辐射环境的安全起到了重要作用。 相似文献
63.
Philip J. Platts Colin J. McClean Jon C. Lovett Rob Marchant 《Ecological modelling》2008,218(1-2):121-134
The Eastern Arc Mountains (EAMs) of Tanzania and Kenya support some of the most ancient tropical rainforest on Earth. The forests are a global priority for biodiversity conservation and provide vital resources to the Tanzanian population. Here, we make a first attempt to predict the spatial distribution of 40 EAM tree species, using generalised additive models, plot data and environmental predictor maps at sub 1 km resolution. The results of three modelling experiments are presented, investigating predictions obtained by (1) two different procedures for the stepwise selection of predictors, (2) down-weighting absence data, and (3) incorporating an autocovariate term to describe fine-scale spatial aggregation. In response to recent concerns regarding the extrapolation of model predictions beyond the restricted environmental range of training data, we also demonstrate a novel graphical tool for quantifying envelope uncertainty in restricted range niche-based models (envelope uncertainty maps). We find that even for species with very few documented occurrences useful estimates of distribution can be achieved. Initiating selection with a null model is found to be useful for explanatory purposes, while beginning with a full predictor set can over-fit the data. We show that a simple multimodel average of these two best-model predictions yields a superior compromise between generality and precision (parsimony). Down-weighting absences shifts the balance of errors in favour of higher sensitivity, reducing the number of serious mistakes (i.e., falsely predicted absences); however, response functions are more complex, exacerbating uncertainty in larger models. Spatial autocovariates help describe fine-scale patterns of occurrence and significantly improve explained deviance, though if important environmental constraints are omitted then model stability and explanatory power can be compromised. We conclude that the best modelling practice is contingent both on the intentions of the analyst (explanation or prediction) and on the quality of distribution data; generalised additive models have potential to provide valuable information for conservation in the EAMs, but methods must be carefully considered, particularly if occurrence data are scarce. Full results and details of all species models are supplied in an online Appendix. 相似文献
64.
Françoise Henry Céline Mahfouz Alice Delegrange Lucie Courcot 《Chemistry and Ecology》2017,33(4):271-280
Mercury (Hg) in fish can present a potential risk to wildlife and human consumers. Mercury levels were determined in 12 fish species and 2 invertebrate species from the French coast of the Eastern English Channel collected in June and November 2012. Total mercury concentrations in the muscle tissues ranged between 0.04 and 1.63 µg g-1 (d.w.). Dab and sandeel displayed a significant positive correlation between Hg concentrations and fish length. Seasonal differences in Hg concentrations were observed for dab and shrimp. The lesser weever showed significantly higher concentrations of Hg (0.97 ± 0.34 µg g-1 d. w.) than all other species. Gobies and sprat, which had the smallest size, showed significantly lower concentrations than herring, whiting, pout and sardine. Among the considered species, flatfish such as dab, flounder, plaice and sole displayed intermediate levels of Hg. In the present study, the fish age expressed as specimen length seems to be one of the major factors governing Hg contents in muscle tissues. Finally, mercury concentrations in commercial fish from the Eastern English Channel were below the levels fixed by the European Union for total mercury in edible parts of fish products. 相似文献
65.
M. D. Moffett A. McLachlan P. E. D. Winter A. M. C. De Ruyck 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》1998,4(1):87-90
The effects of varying intensities of human trampling on sandy beach macrofauna were investigated at an exposed beach on the
Eastern Cape coast. An experimental approach investigated the survival rates of four macrofaunal species which were subjected
to human trampling at different intensities in a holiday-activity simulation. It was found that the clamDonax serra was slightly impacted at all trampling intensities whileDonax sordidus and the isopodEurydice longicomis were affected only at high trampling intensities. Vigorous beach games, such as volleyball, may have a damaging effect onD. serra. In a second experiment, the severe effects of human trampling onD. serra and the benthic mysidGastrosaccus psammodytes were investigated using numbered animals in enclosures. The results indicated that few members of the macrofauna were damaged
at low trampling intensities but substantial damage occurred under intense trampling. 相似文献
66.
Ribeiro E Tauhata L dos Santos EE da Silveira Corrêa R 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2011,102(2):145-152
This paper presents the results of the Environmental Monitoring Program for the Radioactive waste repository of Abadia de Goiás, which was originated from the accident of Goiania, conducted by the Regional Center of Nuclear Sciences (CRCN-CO) of the National Commission on Nuclear Energy (CNEN), from 1998 to 2008.The results are related to the determination of 137Cs activity per unit of mass or volume of samples from surface water, ground water, depth sediments of the river, soil and vegetation, and also the air-kerma rate estimation for gamma exposure in the monitored site.In the phase of operational Environmental Monitoring Program, the values of the geometric mean and standard deviation obtained for 137Cs activity per unit of mass or volume in the analyzed samples were (0.08 ± 1.16) Bq.L−1 for surface and underground water, (0.22 ± 2.79) Bq.kg−1 for soil, and (0.19 ± 2.72) Bq.kg−1 for sediment, and (0.19 ± 2.30) Bq.kg−1 for vegetation. These results were similar to the values of the pre-operational Environmental Monitoring Program.With these data, estimations for effective dose were evaluated for public individuals in the neighborhood of the waste repository, considering the main possible way of exposure of this population group.The annual effective dose obtained from the analysis of these results were lower than 0.3 mSv.y−1, which is the limit established by CNEN for environmental impact in the public individuals indicating that the facility is operating safely, without any radiological impact to the surrounding environment. 相似文献
67.
In the framework of enquiry of biomass usage possibilities in our country, a research was made through the whole Eastern Macedonia
region, related to disposal possibilities from the production conveyors and usage possibilities from the region’s residents
and businessmen, of biofuels that come from mechanical wood treatment residues and from the residues of agricultural production,
in wooden form, known with the term wood pellets or wood briquettes. From the present study, it came to light that there is
an intense interest for direct personal usage and application of biomass for the residents or occupational spaces heating.
The necessary biomass quantity for the entire region’s households is estimated up to 205,520 t. From the biomass usage as
a combustible material, a 680 €/year and household about, is made. The potential investments that will be made to the region
seem to have a very short depreciation, but a business plan and a marketing plan syntax are considered as necessary for the
result’s maximisation. 相似文献
68.
乡村企业入城是实现我国城镇化发展的基本路径。利用浙江、河南、四川三省193家乡村企业的实地调查数据,运用多元有序Logistic回归模型进行相关验证,实证分析我国东中西部三个省份的乡村企业入城意愿及其影响因素。通过对调研数据的描述统计发现:有58.55%的乡村企业主有入城意愿,仅有21.24%的乡村企业主不愿意或非常不愿意搬迁,集群环境、土地价格、运输成本等是企业愿意搬迁的主要原因,土地价格政策、当地经济发展水平、产品产销信息、集群环境是影响企业搬迁方向的重要因素,当地的土地、税收和融资等政府政策对于企业是否入城产生重要影响。通过多元有序Logistic回归模型估计结果表明:企业总资产、土地价格、运输成本、集群环境、与政府关系对入城意愿有显著负向影响,税收政策有显著正向影响,这些影响因素主要是通过影响企业的显性成本(土地价格、运输成本),以及企业的交易成本、寻租成本等隐性成本(集群环境、与政府关系和税收政策),进而影响企业的迁移意愿,且浙江、河南与四川三地计量结果差异显著。在上述研究的基础上,本文提出相应的政策建议。 相似文献
69.
Dissolved oxygen (DO) left in the voids of buffer and backfill materials of a deep geological high level radioactive waste (HLW) repository could cause canister corrosion. Available data from laboratory and in situ experiments indicate that microbes play a substantial role in controlling redox conditions near a HLW repository. This paper presents the application of a coupled hydro-bio-geochemical model to evaluate geochemical and microbial consumption of DO in bentonite porewater after backfilling of a HLW repository designed according to the Swedish reference concept. In addition to geochemical reactions, the model accounts for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) respiration and methane oxidation. Parameters for microbial processes were derived from calibration of the REX in situ experiment carried out at the Asp? underground laboratory. The role of geochemical and microbial processes in consuming DO is evaluated for several scenarios. Numerical results show that both geochemical and microbial processes are relevant for DO consumption. However, the time needed to consume the DO trapped in the bentonite buffer decreases dramatically from several hundreds of years when only geochemical processes are considered to a few weeks when both geochemical reactions and microbially-mediated DOC respiration and methane oxidation are taken into account simultaneously. 相似文献
70.
N. A. Gazaliev 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2000,31(1):32-35
The abundance, structure, and distribution of oribatid communities in high-mountain pine forest biotopes of the Eastern Caucasus
are described in dependence on elevation above sea level. The oribatid fauna of high-mountain pine forests proved to be characterized
by high abundance, an assortment of dominants, and species richness. It was shown that, as the elevation increases, specific
dominants typical of particular altitudinal zones appear in communities, and changes in the mass species occur. These species
are stable in terms of their long-term dynamics, and zonal groups (communities) demonstrate a high species diversity. 相似文献