基于AHP和模糊数学的滨海城市旅游生态环境评价——以青岛市为例

在分析青岛市旅游发展现状的基础上,选取生物多样性、旅游资源丰富度等共27个因子,构建区域旅游生态环境的评价体系,运用模糊数学方法和AHP法对各层指标进行权重计算,最后建立生态因数模型对青岛市所辖12个区市的旅游生态环境进行评价。结果表明:青岛市所辖区市可划分为四级旅游生态环境可持续发展程度类型区;在诸多评价因子中,以区域经济环境对旅游生态环境的贡献值最大,其次为生态环境各项因子。     

威海市生态环境特色及其发展策略

论述了影响威海市生态环境建设的因素 ,在充分分析这些因素的优势及劣势基础上 ,对威海生态环境及可持续发展城市建设提出了一系列实施策略 ,为威海市地区生态环境发展方向的调节提供参考依据     

多途径实现城市垃圾无害化处理

从多方面分析了城市垃圾对环境、对人类健康造成的危害,以及在垃圾处理过程中形成的二次污染。并提出了相应的对策,以实现城市垃圾的无害化处理。     

Female choice in the opportunistic mating of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Mahale

For female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania, the most common mating pattern is opportunistic. In such opportunistic matings, females copulated promiscuously but not randomly. This study describes female mate choice during 1-year observation of six females who exhibited regular genital-swelling cycles. During the study period, 169 opportunistic matings and four restrictive matings were recorded over the course of 51 days. As female estrus progressed, mating frequency and the number of adult male mating partners increased, although the number of potential mating partners did not change. Criteria of female choice examined were the direction and consent/rejection of courtship, proximity maintenance, and female grooming. Adult-male courtships were successful more often than those of adolescent males. During the earlier phase of estrus, females copulated rather promiscuously with many males. But during the later phase of estrus when the likelihood of conception is expected to be highest, they copulated repeatedly with high-ranking adult males. There was a positive correlation between female grooming frequency and mating frequency when the likelihood of conception was greatest. Female chimpanzees are thought to choose high-ranking males as fathers of their offspring. Moreover, female chimpanzees may adopt one or both of two mating strategies, i.e., a many-male strategy and a best-male strategy. Received: 23 November 1998 / Received in revised form: 12 April 1999 / Accepted: 26 April 1999     

Multiple mating and facultative polygyny in the Panamanian leafcutter ant Acromyrmex echinatior

Queen mating frequency of the facultatively polygynous ant Acromyrmex echinatior was investigated by analysing genetic variation at an (AG)_n repeat microsatellite locus in workers and sexuals of 20 colonies from a single Panamanian population. Thirteen colonies were found to be monogynous, 5 colonies contained multiple queens, whereas the queen number of 2 colonies remained unresolved. Microsatellite genotypes indicated that 12 out of 13 queens were inseminated by multiple males (polyandry). The mean queen mating frequency was 2.53 and the mean genetically effective paternity frequency was 2.23. These values range among the highest found in ants, and the results are in keeping with the high mating frequencies reported for other species of leafcutter ants. Consistent skew in the proportional representation of different patrilines within colonies was found, and this remained constant in two consecutive samples of offspring. Dissections showed that all examined queens from multiple-queen colonies were mated egg-layers. The mean relatedness value among nestmate workers in polygynous colonies was lower than that for monogynous colonies. No diploid males were detected in a sample of 70 genotyped males. Worker production of males was detected in one queenless colony. We discuss our findings in relation to known patterns of multiple maternity and paternity in other eusocial Hymenoptera. Received: 2 September 1998 / Received in revised form: 3 February 1999 / Accepted: 7 February 1999     

小城镇生态监测指标体系及监测方法研究综述

阐述了小城镇开展生态监测的目的和意义,以及小城镇生态监测指标体系的建立原则,介绍了城市生态子系统环境监测指标体系、农村生态子系统环境监测指标体系和自然生态子系统环境监测指标体系的具体内容,以及相关的监测方法与技术。     

基于数字图像比色法测定水中氟化物

在酸性溶液中,氟能破坏二甲酚橙〖CD*2〗锆显色体系,使溶液颜色从紫红色变为橙色或黄色,通过采集图像颜色信息构建3个特征颜色分量的多元线性回归模型,用以定量测定水中氟。该方法在0 mg/L~1.5 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.03 mg/L。两个质量浓度水平的氟化物标准溶液6次测定结果的RSD分别为1.4%和1.3%,相对误差分别为0.3%和1.7%。     

基于RS和GIS的生态环境状况时空变化研究--以河南省为例

生态环境状况评价是资源合理利用、制定社会经济发展规划及生态环境保护对策的重要依据。现以河南省行政区为研究区域,基于遥感影像、水资源及环境统计数据,采用生态环境状况指数(EI)和空间格局分析方法,综合对比分析河南省2014—2018年生态环境状况时空变化及其冷热点空间分布。研究结果表明:(1)2014—2018年河南省EI值变化范围为60.6~63.5,生态环境状况整体呈现稳中趋好态势,除开封市和济源市外,16个省辖市的EI值均有所增加,位于西部山区丘陵地带的三门峡、洛阳和平顶山市EI值增加明显。(2)2014—2018年河南省生态环境的G*i指数的高值区域位于西部地区的三门峡市和洛阳市,且5年内没有发生变化,较为稳定。G*i指数的高、低值区域与EI值的高值和低值区表现出较高的一致性。     

生态示范区建设实践与思考

江苏省姜堰市通过建设生态示范区这一综合措施，遵循生态经济原理，积极推广应用清洁生产工艺和生态技术，注重自然保护，推进绿色产业，落实了中央可持续发展战略，为自然生态系统相似、经济发展水平相近的农村平原地区探索出一条可持续发展的道路。     

开发区土地生态适宜度评价探讨-以淮安外向型农业综合开发区为例

本文以淮安外向型农业开发区为研究对象,在开发区的环境影响评价和环境保护规划中引入土地利用生态适宜度评价的方法,在详尽调查研究的基础上,选择相应的评价因子,建立开发区生态适宜度评价指标体系,并借助GIS技术将数值计算和图形叠置有机结合,为开发区的合理规划提供决策依据。