洞庭湖演变对生态环境的影响初探

从洞庭湖演变历史的回顾入手，讨论了洞庭湖演变对湖区生态环境的影响，认为湖体演变带来了诸如湖泊温暖效应降低、调蓄功能减退、洪涝灾害频繁、土壤潜育化严重，血吸虫病流行，以及生物资源破坏等一系列生态环境问题，强调了开展湖区生态环境监测和研究的重要性，并提出兴建长江流域生物工程。     

pH、ORP制约的产酸相发酵类型及顶级群落

由于利用效果存在一定差异，不同产酸相发酵类型的末端产物作为产甲烷细菌的底物，影响整个二相厌氧生物处理系统的稳定、高效运行。pH、ORP作为产酸相系统中的非生物因子，在一定程度上影响产酸相发酵类型的形成。本实验采用连续流搅拌槽式厌氧反应器（CSTR）考察并分析了特定pH、ORP组成对产酸相发酵类型决定情况，同时以种群生态学理论为基础，确立了受pH、ORP制约的不同发酵类型的顶级群落及优势种群。     

Environmental performance optimization using process water integration and Sustainable Process Index

Water integration studies have focused on reducing the amount of water used by a process on the assumption that environmental impact is reduced through efficient water reuse. However, the environmental impact of retrofitting the water network through the installation of pumps and pipes and energy for their utilization which may even lead to a network with a higher environmental cost as measured using a more comprehensive metric, is rarely, if at all, considered. Using the Sustainable Process Index (SPI) as a means of measuring environmental impact, this study addresses the question on water integration and environmental impact and shows that there is a balance that must be struck between water savings and water network modifications.     

生态补偿的融资——生态融资

围绕生态补偿中融资的三个基本要素，即；用什么资本融资，以什么方式融资，如何高效融资进行系列, 为生态融资活动提供理论指导和行动策略。     

糖蜜酒精废液生态治理探讨

在分析和总结国内外糖蜜酒精废液处理技术的基础上，提出了“生态治理”的思想，和两个探讨实施方案，并对方案的可行性及效益进行了分析。     

First-trimester genetic diagnosis in multiple pregnancy: Principles and potential pitfalls

Both the principles of first-trimester genetic diagnosis in multiple pregnancy and the special considerations required to avoid potential diagnostic pitfalls are presented. The experience consisted of 65 cases of twins and one case of quadruplets. Dichorionic twins were recognized by sonography in 54 cases. Transabdominal aspiration was generally preferred to trans-cervical for obtaining chorionic tissue, although in two cases both approaches were used. Diagnostic error following erroneous sampling was reported in 3 out of 54 sets of dichorionic twins (5.5 per cent). When like-sex dichorionic twins cannot be differentiated by cytogenetic or DNA polymorphism studies, amniocentesis should be recommended to confirm the reliability of the result on chorionic tissue.     

上海地区的湿地资源及其保护

介绍了海地区的湿地类型、分布、湿地资源及其利用与保护，提出了加强湿地研究的重点领域。上海地区自然湿地面积为４３００９ｈｍ＾２，以海滨沼泽为主；人工湿地以稻田为主，约为２５００００ｈｍ＾２，湿地中的动，植物资源，土地资源相当丰富，是上海地区最重要的自然资源，目前，上海的湿地利用以发展农、林、渔业为主，工程利用率则呈逐年增加的势头。加强对湿地资源的动态研究，对湿地的环境功能，合理利用与保护模式及人类活     

Formulating an ecosystem approach to environmental protection

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has embraced a new strategy of environmental protection that is place-driven rather than program-driven. This new approach focuses on the protection of entire ecosystems. To develop an effective strategy of ecosystem protection, however, EPA will need to: (1) determine how to define and delineate ecosystems and (2) categorize threats to individual ecosystems and priority rank ecosystems at risk. Current definitions of ecosystem in use at EPA are inadequate for meaningful use in a management or regulatory context. A landscape-based definition that describes an ecosystem as a volumetric unit delineated by climatic and landscape features is suggested. Following this definition, ecosystems are organized hierarchically, from megaecosystems, which exist on a continental scale (e.g., Great Lakes), to small local ecosystems.Threats to ecosystems can generally be categorized as: (1) ecosystem degradation (occurs mainly through pollution) (2) ecosystem alteration (physical changes such as water diversion), and (3) ecosystem removal (e.g., conversion of wetlands or forest to urban or agricultural lands). Level of threat (i.e., how imminent), and distance from desired future condition are also important in evaluating threats to ecosystems. Category of threat, level of threat, and distance from desired future condition can be combined into a three-dimensional ranking system for ecosystems at risk. The purpose of the proposed ranking system is to suggest a preliminary framework for agencies such as EPA to prioritize responses to ecosystems at risk.     

Hereditary multiple intestinal atresia—ultrasound findings and outcome of pregnancy in an affected case

A case of multiple intestinal atresia is described. Dilatation of the bowel was observed at 17 weeks' gestation during routine ultrasound scan of a healthy Caucasian primigravida from a non-consanguineous marriage. Amniocentesis was performed. The karyotype was normal male and cystic fibrosis screening was negative. Regular scans were performed throughout the pregnancy and a simple bowel obstruction was suspected. The baby was delivered at 37 weeks' gestation in good condition. Initial clinical examination was normal but abdominal distension developed during the first day. At laparotomy, prepyloric septal atresia, a distal duodenal membrane, and multiple intestinal atresia were found. The baby died aged 4 days. Post-mortem examination of the abdomen confirmed the absence of lumen from long segments of the small intestine together with areas of colonic atresia. Histology and distribution were consistent with those reported in familial multiple intestinal atresia. The pitfalls in the interpretation of prenatal ultrasound scans and the possibility of prenatal diagnosis in future pregnancies are discussed.     

膨胀石墨吸附材料在环境保护中的应用

介绍了膨胀石墨吸附材料的特点、结合国内外研究资料和我们对膨胀石墨吸附性能的研究，重点分析了这种新型吸附材料在环境保护中的各种用途