基于风险场的高速公路高风险区域甄别方法

为有效识别高速公路高风险区域,首先,在理论阐述和量化解释行车风险演化机制基础上引入势场理论,提出道路静态风险场的基本概念及性质;然后,在分析道路要素对行车安全影响的基础上,构建路域范围内的构造物、线形、路侧等要素的静态风险场计算模型,提出高速公路高风险区域甄别方法,同时,基于交通事故统计数据,对静态风险场计算模型的风险量进行参数标定;最后,依托实际项目,进行区域风险等级预测和有效性验证。结果表明:研究路段的33处区域中26处甄别结果与实际风险等级相同,仅有7处结果不一致,风险等级结果相差一个等级内的区域数量为30处; 风险等级预测结果准确率达78.79%,与实际风险等级结果相差一个等级内的准确率达90.91%。静态风险场能够有效应用于高风险区域甄别,研究有助于设计及运营阶段高速公路安全治理。     

成都龙泉山地区建设用地生态适宜性评价

随着景观格局与生态过程之间的关系日益受到重视,传统的评价方法已经不能满足生态适宜性评价的发展需要。本文以成都市龙泉山地区为例,从景观类型、生态功能、生态价值、土壤侵蚀敏感性和地质灾害敏感性5个方面建立评价指标体系,分别采用最小累积阻力模型和模糊综合评判法描述水平生态过程和垂直生态过程下的生态适宜性,综合两种评价结果进行建设用地的生态适宜性评价。研究结果表明,模型机理的差异使评价结果有着很大的区别,两种方法的综合应用可以有效弥补彼此的不足,本文将研究区的生态适宜性评价结果划分为禁止开发区、严格限建区、一般限建区、重点开发区和优化开发区5个分区,各区的面积分别为259．70km^2、793．89km2、1220．35km2、739．68km2和490．42km2。以往的生态适宜性评价方法往往单一地考虑水平或者垂直生态过程,本文构建的这种综合水平和垂直生态过程的评价方法为生态适宜性评价的方法研究提供了有益的尝试和补充。     

秦皇岛市农业和农村生态环境保护对策

秦皇岛市乡镇工业污染长期居高不下,农业生态保护形势面临严峻挑战,治 理乡镇工业污染和加强农业生态保护应是今后工作的重点。     

Assessing the impact of leather industries on the quality of water discharged into the East China Sea from Wenzhou Watersheds

Ammonium nitrogen and total germanium are among the main pollutants in the wastewater discharged from the leather industry. The intake of high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and/or total germanium harms human health and biological species, as is well documented in literature. This paper focuses on assessing the trends of ammonium nitrogen and total germanium concentrations through time in two watersheds (Aojiang and Oujiang) in the Wenzhou metropolitan area of Zhejiang Province and their relationships with the released wastewater using regression and correlation statistics. The paper also utilizes the integrated pollution index to evaluate water quality in the two watersheds. Preliminary results show that, from 1992 to 1998 in the Aojing watershed, the concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and total germanium increased 13 and 14 times, respectively, decreasing somewhat after 1998, while between 1992 and 1997 in the Oujiang watershed, the concentrations increased, then decreased after 1997. The concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and total germanium are positively related to the amount of released wastewater. The concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and total germanium exceeded water standards 12 and 3 times, respectively, in Pingyang county of the Aojiang watershed, 14 and 3.3 times in Lucheng District of the Oujiang watershed, and 14 and 3.8 times in the Ouhai Oujiang watershed, respectively. In Pingyang county of the Aojiang watershed, the water quality degraded from Type III in 1992 to over Type V in 2003, and in the Oujiang watershed, the water quality degraded from Type II to over Type IV in 1999, when they were compared with the water quality standards. The water quality slightly improved in 2003 for the Oujiang watershed. It appears that pollution did have a direct positive correlation with leather industry production in the Pingyang Aojing watershed, while there was a negative correlation between the two in the Oujiang watershed. In these two watersheds, the integrated pollution index did not appear to relate to population dynamics and agricultural production. This paper also discusses the current new methodologies and approaches adopted nationally and internationally to reduce the contaminants and purify the environment for maintaining a sustainable and healthier environment in Wenzhou.     

城市老工业区整体搬迁规划环评的关键问题

城市老工业区搬迁规划环评具有层次多、涉及面广的特点。评价首先要分清规划的层次,理清3个层面规划内容,分析所涉及到的主要环境问题,按照规划、区域和项目环评3个层次分别开展评价工作。在规划层面上应重点解决好产业发展政策的符合性和选址合理性论证;区域环评层面重点进行区域布局、结构、基础设施的支撑能力和环境的承载力评价;项目层次重点弄清污染特征、污染源和污染控制措施,评价其环境影响。     

Using a GIS Model to Identify Internally Drained Areas and Runoff Contribution in a Glaciated Watershed1

Macholl, Jacob A., Katherine A. Clancy, and Paul M. McGinley, 2011. Using a GIS Model to Identify Internally Drained Areas and Runoff Contribution in a Glaciated Watershed. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(1):114‐125. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00495.x Abstract: Glaciated watersheds are not easily delineated using geographic information systems’ elevation‐based algorithms, especially where stream networks are disconnected and there are large regions of internally drained areas. This paper presents the results of an analysis using the Potential Contributing Source Area (PCSA) model to identify potential contributing areas, defined as areas from which runoff is physically capable of reaching a drainage network. The investigation was conducted to define the potential contributing areas in a glaciated region of northwest Wisconsin. The curve number (CN) method was used to predict runoff volumes in the watershed. The streamflows of four tributaries were measured and the runoff portion of the hydrograph quantified to be compared with runoff estimates calculated using the potential contributing areas and the traditional catchment area. Runoff producing events occurred, but the use of area‐weighted CN values was unsuccessful in modeling runoff due to all precipitation depths during the study period falling below the initial abstraction. A distributed CN approach provided runoff estimates that were generally better using the potential contributing areas compared with using the traditional catchment area. The extent of the minimum contributing area, estimated for a range of precipitation events, was found to be substantially less than the potential contributing areas, suggesting that the PCSA model delimits the maximum boundary of potential contributing areas.     

基于全过程控制的铁路建设项目生态环境保护发展状况评估

铁路建设项目的生态环境影响在其全生命周期内各时期有不同的表现形式.在阐述不同时期应重点关注的生态环境保护问题的基础上,从全过程控制角度,建立了涵盖前期规划、建设期、运营期3个阶段的铁路建设项目生态环境保护发展状况评估指标体系,运用层次分析法对各指标进行权重评定.根据权重计算结果对铁路建设项目生态环境保护工作中重要时期及...