福建省茶园土壤中多环芳烃的分布、来源分析及生态风险评价

利用高效液相色谱分析技术对福建省茶园土壤中16种多环芳烃进行了定量分析,结果表明,PAHs的总量在0.622~812.0μg/kg之间,平均值为48.4μg/kg。其组成以3环的为主,4环次之,主成分分析和PAHs特征参数分析发现,福建省茶园土壤中多环芳烃主要以燃油、木柴和煤燃烧来源为主,部分样点存在油类排放污染。生态风险评价结果显示,福建省茶园土壤中多环芳烃已具有不利生物影响效应。     

Investigating habitat value to inform contaminant remediation options: approach

Habitat valuation methods are most often developed and used to prioritize candidate lands for conservation. In this study the intent of habitat valuation was to inform the decision-making process for remediation of chemical contaminants on specific lands or surface water bodies. Methods were developed to summarize dimensions of habitat value for six representative aquatic and terrestrial contaminated sites at the East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP) on the US Department of Energy Oak Ridge Reservation in Oak Ridge, TN, USA. Several general valuation metrics were developed for three broad categories: site use by groups of organisms, site rarity, and use value added from spatial context. Examples of use value metrics are taxa richness, a direct measure of number of species that inhabit an area, complexity of habitat structure, an indirect measure of potential number of species that may use the area, and land use designation, a measure of the length of time that the area will be available for use. Measures of rarity included presence of rare species or communities. Examples of metrics for habitat use value added from spatial context included similarity or complementarity of neighboring habitat patches and presence of habitat corridors. More specific metrics were developed for groups of organisms in contaminated streams, ponds, and terrestrial ecosystems. For each of these metrics, cutoff values for high, medium, and low habitat value were suggested, based on available information on distributions of organisms and landscape features, as well as habitat use information. A companion paper describes the implementation of these habitat valuation metrics and scoring criteria in the remedial investigation for ETTP.     

“生态四川”的法制诉求

为了落实可持续发展的国家战略,四川省提出了“生态四川”的发展方向。实践“生态四川”离不开法律的支持,而四川省现有的生态立法存在一些不足,成为制约建构“生态四川”的瓶颈。因此应在“生态四川”基本理念的指引下,在立法上进行价值取向、方法论和权利配置手段的创新,并在此基础上提出“生态四川”立法的指导思想、立法重点和制度设计方案。     

The impact of coastal flooding on conservation areas: A study of the Clyde Estuary, Scotland

This study examines the impact of flooding on land of high conservation value located along part of the southern shoreline of the River Clyde Estuary in western Scotland. This paper hypothesizes that, over the next 50 years, the frequency and extent of coastal flooding will increase due to the gradual effect of global warming and the consequent rise in sea-level and increase in storminess. It is argued that because of the great cost of constructing new flood defence systems it will not be possible to protect all land areas to an equal extent from flooding. A means of ranking different land use will be necessary so that society can make a rational judgement concerning which sections of coastline will be worth protecting. This study provides a methodology that combines an objective ranking of conservation areas using non-economic indicators with a GIS model of flood potential, and permits accurate forecasts of flood losses to conservation areas of different ecological value. The conservation case study used in this paper proposes the use of an ecological weighting value based on five ecological variables each of 10 categories. Tables and maps identify the sites that have been highlighted as consisting of the most ‘valuable’ conservation sites. The methodology makes extensive use of geographical information systems (GIS) to model the predicted areas of flooding and to calculate conservation weighting values of the land areas.     

昌邑海洋生态特别保护区潮间带大型底栖动物时空分布特征

于2011年3、6、8、10、12月在昌邑海洋生态特别保护区内对潮间带大型底栖动物进行采样,共采集到潮间带动物55种,以多毛类、软体动物和甲壳动物为主。各潮带间密度、生物量及多样性指数(H')差异极显著(P0.01),月份间差异均不显著。Bray-Curtis相似性聚类分析显示,该潮间带大型底栖动物可划分为3个群落(P0.01),潮汐与季节是影响大型底栖动物分布的主要因子。     

遵义市PM10中元素污染特征、来源与生态风险评价

采集2012年3月-2013年2月遵义市丁字口（市区点）、凤凰山（背景点）监测点的 PM10样品,并对 PM10中元素污染特征、来源和生态风险进行分析与评价。结果表明,遵义市 PM10质量浓度季节变化为：冬季＞春季＞秋季＞夏季,且市区点高于背景点,冬季超标率均为100％。PM10中 As、Pb、Hg、Mn质量浓度市区点高于背景点,且均为冬季最高。富集因子分析表明,Pb、As、Cd、Hg、Mn、Cu、Zn来自人为污染,生态危害顺序为：Cd＞Pb ＞As＞Cu ＞Zn ＞Ni ＞Cr,其中 Cd 的潜在生态危害为极强。     

洪泽湖流域生态环境问题及治理对策

分析了洪泽湖水环境和污染源特征,针对存在的氮磷超标导致湖体富营养化、生态退化以及入境客水污染等主要环境问题,提出制订入湖河流TN标准、控制污染物排放总量、修复湖泊生态、治理客水和强化水质监控等措施,为有效地改善洪泽湖水环境质量,遏制湖泊富营养化趋势提供科学支撑。     

淮安市某垃圾填埋场重金属污染现状调查

对淮安市某垃圾填埋场土壤中13个采样点中典型重金属 Cr、Pb、As、Hg、Cd、Cu、Zn 的含量进行了调查,采用单因子污染指数、综合污染指数及 Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法评价了土壤中典型重金属对其所在环境的污染程度,对周围环境造成的潜在生态风险影响。结果表明,研究区域内重金属含量均未超过《土壤环境质量标准》（GB 15618-1995）二级标准。主要的潜在生态风险因子为 As,潜在生态风险因子大小顺序为 As＞Hg＞Cd＞Cu＞Cr＞Pb＞Zn。     

天津近郊农田土壤重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险评价

以天津近郊西青区主要农产品生产基地农田表层土壤(0～20cm)作为调查对象,分析了土壤中重金属As、Hg、Zn、Pb、Cu、Cr和Cd的含量,通过数据统计分析,各项重金属平均含量均低于《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618—1995)二级标准,但高于天津土壤背景值和全国土壤背景值,Cd、Cu、Hg在个别点位出现超标现象。多数点位土壤内梅罗综合污染指数处于清洁水平。潜在生态风险评价表明,各点位土壤重金属潜在生态风险指数(RI)为12.96～104.49,均处于轻微生态风险水平。     

花溪水库表层沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价

以现代工业化前正常颗粒沉积物中重金属含量的最高背景值为参比值,结合潜在生态风险指数法对花溪沉积物中重金属的生态危害进行了评价。结果表明,花溪水库沉积物中重金属的富集顺序为Cu>Zn>Pb>Cr>As>Cd>Hg,污染水平顺序为Hg>Cd>Cu>As>Pb>Cr>Zn;重金属的潜在生态风险系数(Eir)表明,除个别样点外,大多属于轻微生态危害范畴;多种重金属的生态系统的潜在生态风险指数(IR)表明,花溪水库沉积物重金属污染属于轻微生态危害。