建设项目环境影响经济评价方法研究

对建设项目进行环境影响经济评价的类型划分基础上，提出了环境影响经济评价指标体系，环境影响评价的“有无对比法”和“增量评价法”以及实例，并就评价方法运用的进一步研究，如评价参数的选取、评价结果的处理等提出了建议。     

巴县乡镇工业环境污染造成的经济损失与初步分析

巴县１９９３年乡镇工业污染损失大约为２．２９亿元，约占当年全县ＧＮＰ的７．８％。其中农业损失约占４５％，人体健康损失约占２８％。受酸雨作用的钢材和建筑物的损失为０．２６亿元，相当于全县当年新增的生产性固定资产的大部分。文章还论述了巴县乡镇工业污染损失贡献权重系数的参数取值过程。     

经济增长的生态环境代价及思考

以可持续发展理论为指导，分析了重庆市经济增长的生态环境代价，对目前的经济增长方式作了深刻反思、据测算、重庆市仅生态破坏、大气污染、水污染造成的经济损失就占全市ＧＤＰ的１６．１％。要改变不合理的发展方式，必须落实可持续发展的发展战略、转变经济增长方式，增加生态环境保护投入，加强资源与环境核算和环境法制工作。     

环境保护经济手段在经济合作与发展组织国家中的应用

提出了收费、补贴、押金、建立市场和强制刺激等五项环境保护经济于段的定义和分类,介绍了这些经济手段在经济合作与发展组织(OECD)国家中的应用情况,并初步讨论了它们的发展趋势和应用前景。     

冷凝法回收油气问题的探讨

着重探讨在石油化工厂中利用引进的ＤＥ４８００型油气回收装置回收轻质油品装车系统油气的经济效益与社会效益     

The diffusion of environmental management in Greece through rationalist approaches: driver or product of globalisation?

Globalisation trends in economy and governance have resulted in a change in policy instruments towards harmonised initiatives, which are considered to a great extent pivotal for countries to engage with. ISO14001 is seen as constitutive of these wider concepts and is the focus here in explaining their diffusion in national contexts.This article questions the extent to where the adoption of ISO14001 in Greece is motivated by environmental sustainability or processes of economic globalisation. It indicates that in order to facilitate progress towards sustainability through environmental management, proper institutional arrangements and a legal framework must be established and executed by the government and society at large.     

Biophysical energy analyses of non-market values of the Ebro Delta

Non-market values were estimated with energy analysis under four land cover scenarios in the Ebro Delta, Spain. The market value of agriculture, the primary use value, is compared. Conversion of the natural landscape to agricultural fields has resulted in a drop in total annual non-market value from $721 million in the pristine scenario to $11 million in the present scenario. The market value of the agricultural crops has risen over time, from $10 million to almost $52 million, contributing the major portion of the total value of the Delta. However, the rate of return has decreased from the pristine to the present delta, indicating that more energy is required to produce a smaller output. Energy analyses reveal that one form of value—non-market value—is being traded for another—market value.     

Using Economic and Regulatory Incentives to Restore Endangered Species: Lessons Learned from Three New Programs

Abstract:  We studied three new incentive-based programs for restoring endangered species on private lands in the United States: safe harbor, Environmental Defense's Landowner Conservation Assistance Program, and conservation banking. For each program, we gathered data on the number of participating landowners, the number of species targeted for assistance, and the cumulative acreage of enrolled land. Measured in this way, both safe harbor and the Landowner Conservation Assistance Program have been remarkably successful. Landowners are drawn to three aspects of these programs: (1) the removal of regulatory burdens associated with attracting endangered species to their property; (2) technical guidance on how to restore habitats for endangered species; and (3) cost-share assistance for habitat restoration. Technical guidance appears to be more important than either regulatory relief or financial assistance in securing the cooperation of some landowners. Assessing the success or failure of conservation banking proved more difficult, given the relatively small number of banks created to date and the lack of any centralized database on them. However, nearly half of the 47 endangered-species conservation banks we surveyed have sold credits, indicating some success in either acquiring or restoring essential habitats.     

An empirical analysis of economic strategies for controlling air pollution

In evaluating current environmental protection policy, economists often note that current regulations are more costly than necessary to meet environmental quality standards. While the a priori case is strong that current regulatory approaches are resulting in higher-than-necessary costs to attain environmental standards, there is relatively little empirical evidence to support this claim. The purpose of this paper is to supply some of the missing evidence by presenting the results of one study that assesses some of the potential savings associated with implementing economic, rather than command-and-control, regulatory approaches to abate one type of air pollution in one region of the country. Specifically, the paper examines the costs of meeting a prospective short-term standard for nitrogen dioxide under a range of alternative emissions control strategies for stationary sources of nitrogen oxide emissions in the Chicago Air Quality Control Region. The alternative strategies that are considered range from those that might result under current regulatory policy to those that economic policy approaches (such as emissions charges or marketable permits) are designed to implement. The analysis shows that the most efficient program of emissions controls may be more than an order of magnitude less costly than current regulatory strategies, and that economic approaches have additional advantages over more conventional regulatory approaches.     

上海电厂FGD产物循环利用的可行性分析

按照上海市第三轮环保三年行动计划的要求,未来3年,上海电厂烟气脱硫规模已经确定,650.8×10~4kW 装机容量.35台燃煤机组在3年中,将先后安装湿法烟气脱硫装置,届时可减少约(16～20)×10~4t/a的 S0_2排放量,将产生约(54～72)×10~4t 的脱硫石膏。文章分析了上海市电厂烟气脱硫产物在生产石膏、水泥中循环利用的可行性,对上海市未来3年中脱硫产物的循环利用,进行了经济分析,按上海市目前 SO_2排污费0.63元/kg计,若煤含硫量以0.8%、1%计算,预计每年可节省 SO_2排污费用约1.02、1.28亿元:电厂脱硫石膏销售将获得约2160～2880万元/a;上海石膏板或水泥企业利用(54～72)×10~4t/a 的脱硫石膏,可使企业的原料购买成本节约3250～3650万元/a;提出了促进上海市电厂脱硫及其产物应用的建议。