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51.
Nickel recovered in the recycling process of Ni–Cd batteries was used as a main component of bath for electrodeposition of nickel onto carbon fabric in order to obtain C/Ni composite. A part of the obtained composite was additionally coated with a thin layer of palladium (C/Ni/Pd composite). All the materials were investigated to assess the possibility of their use in the processes of electrochemical storage (sorption/desorption) of hydrogen and electrochemical oxidation of methanol. The obtained results showed the composites to be active electrode materials in these processes. The electrodes exhibited high activity and cyclability, especially in the process of methanol oxidation due to electrocatalytic activity of both nickel deposited onto carbon fabric and the outer layer of porous palladium coating nickel substrate. 相似文献
52.
外源Ni在干旱区绿洲土壤-小麦系统中的迁移及其生物有效性 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
以西北干旱区绿洲灌淤土为供试土壤,采用盆栽模拟试验和室内分析研究了Ni对小麦的生物效应及其在土壤-小麦系统中的迁移规律.结果表明:Ni在低添加质量分数下能促进小麦生长,但达到临界值240 mg·kg-1后,就会出现明显的毒害作用.随着Ni添加质量分数的增加,各器官中Ni含量也呈增长趋势.小麦根对Ni的富集能力最强,籽粒对Ni的富集能力最弱.随着Ni添加质量分数的增加,土壤中可交换态Ni和碳酸盐结合态Ni所占比例呈增加趋势.对小麦而言,可交换态Ni是生物有效态. 相似文献
53.
JIN Jian ZHAO Wei-rong XU Xin-hu HAO Zhi-wei LIU Yong HE Ping ZHOU Mi 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2006,18(3):464-467
Steel manufacturing byproducts and commercial iron powders were tested in the treatment of Ni^2+-contaminated water. Ni^2+ is a priority pollutant of some soils and groundwater. The use of zero-valent iron, which can reduce Ni^2+ to its neural form appears to be an alternative approach for the remediation of Ni^2+-contaminated sites. Our experimental data show that the removal efficiencies of Ni^2+ were 95.15% and 94.68% at a metal to solution ratio of 20 g/L for commercial iron powders and the steel manufacturing byproducts in 60 min at room temperature, respectively. The removal efficiency reached 98.20% when the metal to solution ratio was 40 g/L for commercial iron powders. Furthermore, we found that the removal efficiency was also largely affected by other factors such as the pHs of the treated water, the length of time for the metal to be in contact with the Ni^2+-contaminated water, initial concentrations of metal solutions, particle sizes and the amount of iron powders. Surprisingly, the reaction temperature appeared to have little effect on the removal efficiency. Our study opens the way to further optimize the reaction conditions of in situ remediation of Ni^2+ or other heavy metals on contaminated sites. 相似文献
54.
1991/1992年是厄尔尼诺年,也是全球自然灾害频发、重灾事件突出的异常年份。本文对发生在1991/1992年厄尔尼诺事件期间的全球主要气象灾害进行简介和评述。 相似文献
55.
56.
V. Gopal S. Parvathy P. R. Balasubramanian 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1997,48(2):117-124
Cyprinus carpio were exposed to two non-essential (Hg and Pb)and two essential (Cu and Ni) heavy metal salts at lethal andsub-lethal concentrations. Blood serum total protein, serum globulinand serum albumin was analysed every 2 hr for 24 hrs andagain at 48 and 72 hrs. Serum protein and globulin level showedan intial sharp increase from 2 to 20 hrs, followed by decline thatextend over a period of 72 hrs. Serum albumin showed an initialimmediate decline from 2 to 4 hrs, followed by an intermittent period of recovery and decline that extend over a period of 72hrs. Both lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of metal salts elicited asimilar pattern of response varying only in magnitude. The use offish blood serum protein, albumin and globulin measurements as general indicators of pollutant stress response isdiscussed. 相似文献
57.
58.
气候异常与中国小麦白粉病灾害流行关系的研究 总被引:16,自引:3,他引:16
分析了厄尔尼诺事件与我国冬小麦白粉病发病面积的相关关系。结果表明:在厄尔尼诺出现的起始年,冬小麦白粉病发病面积相对较小;在厄尔诺起始年至下一个厄尔诺起始年前的前一年,冬小麦白粉病发病面积趋势逐年增大,并在下一个厄尔尼诺起始年前一年达到最大值;在连续出现厄尔尼诺的年份,冬小麦白粉病发生面积逐年降低。厄尔尼诺事件通过引发主要麦区的诱水、温度异常来影响小麦白粉病的流行程度。造成厄尔尼诺年我国小麦白粉病发病面向相对较低的原因,与厄尔尼诺起始年前的冬半年寒潮活动加强造成冬小麦冻害严重,大大降低了小麦白粉菌的越冬基数及春季干旱不利于小麦白粉菌的侵染有关。 相似文献
59.
为分析洪泽湖流域洪涝灾害在千年尺度序列上的演变趋势,采用统计历史洪涝记录的方法,分析了气候变化背景下洪涝灾害的响应过程,探讨了洪泽湖流域洪涝灾害同El Nio事件的关系。结果表明:近1 000 a来洪泽湖流域洪涝灾害的频度总体是趋于上升的,这种变化趋势同气候变化的趋势是一致的。研究结果显示:公元1000~1400年洪涝记录偏少,同我国东部地区尤其是中世纪暖期出现的一次200 a以上的干旱化过程有较好的对应性。1400~1800年是洪泽湖流域洪涝的多发期,这一事实同我国东部1550~1850年小冰期期间总体偏湿的环境特征相一致。分析洪涝灾害变化同El Nio事件对应性关系表明:在El Nio事件年及其次年是洪泽湖流域洪涝的多发年份。这可能是由于El Nio事件通过改变西太平洋副高的强度与位置,以及大气环流形势而引起的降水异常所致。了解洪泽湖流域洪涝的演变趋势及其同El Nio的关系对于长期防灾减灾策略具有重要的参考意义。 相似文献
60.
Adsorption characteristics of Cu and Ni on Irish peat moss 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peat has been widely used as a low cost adsorbent to remove a variety of materials including organic compounds and heavy metals from water. Various functional groups in lignin allow such compounds to bind on active sites of peat. The adsorption of Cu(2+) and Ni(2+) from aqueous solutions on Irish peat moss was studied both as a pure ion and from their binary mixtures under both equilibrium and dynamic conditions in the concentration range of 5-100mg/L. The pH of the solutions containing either Cu(2+) or Ni(2+) was varied over a range of 2-8. The adsorption of Cu(2+) and Ni(+2) on peat was found to be pH dependent. The adsorption data could be fitted to a two-site Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity of peat was determined to be 17.6 mg/g for Cu(2+) and 14.5mg/g for Ni(2+) at 298 K when the initial concentration for both Cu(2+) and Ni(2+) was 100mg/L, and the pH of the solution was 4.0 and 4.5, respectively. Column studies were conducted to generate breakthrough data for both pure component and binary mixtures of copper and nickel. Desorption experiments showed that 2mM EDTA solution could be used to remove all of the adsorbed copper and nickel from the bed. 相似文献