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排序方式: 共有328条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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T.F. GoAuthor Vitae D.A. Wahab Author VitaeM.N.Ab. RahmanAuthor Vitae R. RamliAuthor VitaeC.H. AzhariAuthor Vitae 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(13):1536-1546
Environmental sustainability has become the main items of contest in the automotive industries. Therefore in the order to reduce the environmental impact of end-of-life vehicles, European Union, Japan, USA, and Australia laws require manufacturers to take back their products at the end of their useful life and recycle them. In order to enhance the recycling rate of the vehicle, disassemblability of the automotive components has been a major concern. In the chain of end-of-life, except for landfill and incineration, components of economic value destined for reuse, remanufacture, or recycling have first to be disassembled from the end-of-life vehicles. There are several efforts within the academic community to rationalise design for disassembly and recycling, and several attempts by industry to study these issues in the context of specific products. Recent publications offer a broad perspective on recyclability and disassemblability. It is therefore necessary to determine the optimal stage of disassembly, when all economically valuable components are retrieved. This paper presents a review of several disassemblability methods, including spread sheet-like chart, end-of-life value and time for disassembly. The review concludes on the need for an effective disassembly method in order to enhance the recovery of products. 相似文献
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文章介绍了机动车主要污染物及其危害,根据近年来西安市机动车的保有量变化情况,对现有数据线性回归可以预测到2015年机动车保有量约为222万辆,运用数学统计的方法计算出2008-2015年机动车尾气中CO、HC、NOx的排放量,据此提出今后西安市防治尾气污染的对策和建议。 相似文献
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应用PART5模式计算机动车尾气管的颗粒物排放 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
采用修正的PART5模式获得了北京市机动车尾气管的颗粒物(PM10和PM2.5)排放因子.在此基础上,计算了北京市1995和1998年机动车PM10和PM2.5的排放总量,并确定了分车型的排放分担率和颗粒物中各组分(铅、硫酸盐、可溶性有机物和残余碳等)的比例.结果表明,北京市机动车PM10和PM2.5的平均排放因子很高,其中汽油车、摩托车和重型柴油车的排放因子分别是美国同期水平的1.7~8.6倍、2.1~3.5倍和1.3~1.5倍.1995年北京市机动车尾气管排放的PM10和PM2.5分别为2445t和1890t,1998年则分别增至3359t和2694t,增加的幅度为37.4%和42.5%. 相似文献
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The risk assessment of combustible explosive dust is based on the determination of the probability of dust dispersion, the identification of potential ignition sources and the evaluation of explosion severity. It is achieved in most of cases with the two main experimental normalized devices such as the Hartmann tube (spark ignition) and the 20 L spherical bomb (with two 5 kJ pyrotechnic ignitors).Ignition energy of the 5 kJ ignitor is well calibrated and generates a reproducible ignition. But, on the other hand, this ignition is not punctual and the over pressure produced is nearly 2 bar. Moreover, the pyrotechnic igniter accelerates the combustion with multi ignition points in a large volume and that disturbs the flame propagation. In this way, this ignition source does not allow to analyze the combustion products because the composition of the pyrotechnic igniter was found in the combustion products.This paper deals with the comparison of two ignition sources in the 20 L spherical bomb. Different explosive dusts of great industrial interest are studied with electrical and pyrotechnic ignitors, in order to understand, first, the influence of each type of igniter on the explosion behaviour and then to evaluate the possibility of establishing a correspondence between parameters obtained with these two ignition sources.Severity parameters of nicotinic acid, aluminium powder and titanium alloy were measured by using the two types of ignition system in our 20 L spherical bomb equipped with the Kühner dihedral injector. The explosion overpressure and the rate of pressure rise were measured in a large range of concentration allowing to propose correlations between electrical and pyrotechnic ignition for each parameter and each type of powder. These correlations aim to link the tests used with two different collections of experimental parameters for the same dust. The relevance of these correlations will be discussed. 相似文献
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选取三辆满足国六排放标准的缸内直喷汽油车进行常温冷启动WLTC循环排放试验,研究不同车辆排放的粒径在23nm以上的固态颗粒物、6nm以上包含挥发性/半挥发性组分的颗粒物数量排放特性,并进行了比较研究.结果发现,在缸内直喷汽油车排放的6~30nm范围内包含挥发性/半挥发性物质的细颗粒物主要产生在WLTC循环减速段、高速段和超高速段;30~2500nm范围的挥发性/半挥发性的颗粒物主要在超高速段生成;其它工况下,23nm以上固态颗粒物在颗粒物数量排放中占主体.试验研究还发现GPF对6~30nm大小的细颗粒物捕集效果不佳,并且GPF再生时会产生高浓度6~30nm大小的细颗粒物排放.颗粒物碳质成分分析表明挥发性/半挥发性细颗粒物对法规测量的23~2500nm颗粒物的数量排放影响甚微,但对颗粒物质量排放影响明显. 相似文献