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331.
基于小波包分析的爆破振动危害评价初探 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
结合振动主频的质点振速判据是对单一质点振速判据的补充和完善.但该判据的振动主频是通过FFT变换的频谱分析的方法获得的,不能体现爆破振动波形的多主振频带特征,而且由于方法本身的局限性使得主振频率发生的时间段不能确定.小波包分析法则克服了FFT频谱分析的局限,有效地分解和重构原始信号中的细节信号,并将其作为评价不同频率细节信号的爆破振动危害效果的基础.本文针对爆破振动的小波包分析法进行了研究,对各小波包细节信号加载条件下的不同危害效果进行了讨论,得到了相应的质点振速判据,并将该方法所得到的判据与FFT变换的频谱分析方法所得到的判据进行了对比.结果表明,基于小波包分析法的质点振速判据更加符合爆破振动危害的真实情况. 相似文献
332.
333.
基于洪水灾害快速评估的承灾体易损性信息管理系统 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
洪水灾害易损性信息管理系统是为了开展洪水灾害快速评估,对不同洪水灾害流域和同一洪水灾害流域中的不同地区、不同承灾体(财产分类)、不同致灾因子(水深和历时等)条件,以财产的损失率为核心的综合信息管理系统。本文介绍了洪水灾害易损性信息管理系统的开发与设计的基本原理,阐述了系统的总体结构框架和功能模块划分,并且在系统数据流程图的基础上,对损失率数据库等几个重要的模块进行了详细的分析与设计,给出了系统的部分运行结果。本系统在与GIS、遥感等空间技术结合后,能够高效地完成各种洪水灾害损失的快速评估与预测分析工作,同时,本系统亦可独立作为对区域洪水灾害易损性研究的数据基础和理论支撑。 相似文献
334.
Lizhu Wang John Lyons Paul Kanehl 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2002,38(3):663-680
ABSTRACT: We evaluated the effectiveness of watershed‐scale implementations of best‐management practices (BMPs) for improving habitat and fish attributes in two coldwater stream systems in Wisconsin. We sampled physical habitat, water temperature, and fish communities in multiple paired treatment and reference streams before and after upland (barnyard runoff controls, manure storage, contour plowing, reduced tillage) and riparian (stream bank fencing, sloping, limited rip‐rapping) BMP installation in the treatment subwatersheds. In Spring Creek, BMPs significantly improved overall stream habitat quality, bank stability, instream cover for fish, abundance of cool‐ and coldwater fishes, and abundance of all fishes. Improvements were most pronounced at sites with riparian BMPs. Water temperatures were consistently cold enough to support coldwater fishes such as trout (Salmonidae) and sculpins (Cottidae) even before BMP installation. We observed the first‐time occurrence of naturally reproduced brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Spring Creek, indicating that the stream condition had been improved to be able to partially sustain a trout population. In Eagle Creek and its tributary Joos Creek, limited riparian BMPs led to localized gains in overall habitat quality, bank stability, and water depth. However, because few upland BMPs were installed in the subwatershed there were no improvements in water temperature or the quality of the fish community. Temperatures remained marginal for coldwater fish throughout the study. Our results demonstrate that riparian BMPs can improve habitat conditions in Wisconsin streams, but cannot restore coldwater fish communities if there is insufficient upland BMP implementation. Our approach of studying multiple paired treatment and reference streams before and after BMP implementation proved effective in detecting the response of stream ecosystems to watershed management activities. 相似文献
335.
It is common to use the results of various solid-phase and aqueous-fraction toxicity tests as part of the decision-making
process for selecting disposal options for dredged sediments. The mere presence of toxicity, however, does not provide a logical
basis for selecting economical, environmentally protective disposal techniques. To achieve this, it is necessary to be able
to identify specific compounds responsible for sediment toxicity. Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) procedures, originally
developed for complex effluents, represent a useful approach for identifying acutely toxic compounds in dredged materials.
Herein we present a conceptual overview for TIE use in part of the decision-making framework for selecting dredged material
disposal options; included are discussions concerning appropriate test fractions and species for TIE analyses, and specific
TIE manipulations useful for ascertaining whether toxicity is due to any of a number of common sediment contaminants including
ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, metals, or nonpolar organics. 相似文献
336.
Keith Loague 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1992,28(4):687-693
ABSTRACT: In this paper a new set of soil texture data is used to estimate the spatial distribution of saturated hydraulic conductivity values for a small rangeland catchment. The estimates of conductivity are used to re-excite and re-evaluate a quasi-physically based rainfall-runoff model. The performance of the model is significantly reduced with conductivity estimates gleaned from soil texture data rather than the infiltration data used in our previous efforts. 相似文献
337.
在对印刷、铁路车辆、电缆压铅、铅蓄电池、铅盐、铅冶炼这六个行业的熔铅作业以及对铅蓄电池和铅盐生产的铅尘作业中防毒工程技术措施调研的基础上,介绍了它们的基本情况。参照收集的国内外资料,采用定性及定量化的方法,对它们的防毒工程技术措施分别从工艺设备、排风罩类型、净化装置等得出优化选择结论,对还存在的问题进行讨论并提出建议。 相似文献
338.
339.
根据毕节地区16个主要造林树种的生态生物学特性,结合本区气候和土壤生态条件,运用 Fuzzy 二级评价模型,对各土类水土保持树种的适宜程度进行了综合评价。 相似文献
340.
Application of a GIS-based stream buffer generation model to environmental policy evaluation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Wei-Ning Xiang 《Environmental management》1993,17(6):817-827
In this article a GIS method is presented for riparian environmental buffer generation. It integrates a scientifically tested
buffer width delineation model into a GIS framework. Using the generally available data sets, it determines buffer widths
in terms of local physical conditions and expected effectiveness. Technical burdens of data management, computation, and result
presentation are handled by the GIS. The case study in which the method was used to evaluate the stream buffer regulations
in a North Carolina county demonstrates its capability as a decision support tool to facilitate environmental policy formulation
and evaluation, and environmental dispute resolution. 相似文献