关于用能量同化波浪作用下溢油乳化的研究思想和思考

介绍加拿大学者用能量概念解决化学实验室锥形瓶或烧杯,水动力学物理模拟实验室水槽以及自然界海岸线波浪破碎等不同尺度下波浪同溢油乳化行为之间关系的同化方法和针对某些特殊问题所采取的措施以及新的尝试.从物理模拟实验室尺度和自然界海岸线尺度提出一些思考问题,并从发展的角度和中国同加拿大研究设备、能力和观点上的差异,提出中国曾经开展的类似研究是否有再度崛起的可能性,使得研究成果成为溢油乳化和溢油清理科学技术的基础,并带动解决冻结水域溢油乳化现象的理论解释.     

石油污染地的土壤修复技术

对石油污染土壤的各类修复技术进行了总结和归纳,并对各项技术的优缺点加以比较,提出了一套石油污染地生态恢复的流程。     

应对大型油罐特大火灾的研究——LASTFIRE项目组简介

简要介绍了LASTFIRE项目组的成立背景、组织结构、研究领域、研究目的、研究思路、研究进展等内容,总结了该项目组近几年的研究成果,指出我国的相关企业或研究机构应积极参与这种国际研究组织,实现研究国外资源共享,共同提高大型储罐的安全技术和管理水平。     

海洋水体原油污染存在形态及处置技术研究

详细描述了原油在海洋中存在的形态及对溢油事故的处置技术和方法,并结合原油的特性、气象水文条件等叙述了如何选择溢油处置方法。     

油库中油品的蒸发危害及措施

分析了造成油库油品蒸发损耗的原因及危害,并针对油罐的自然通风、“小呼吸”、“大呼吸”所造成的油品损耗,提出了降低油品蒸发损耗的措施。     

采油厂化验室危险因素及对策

针对采油厂化验室的特点,对其存在的危险有害因素,从火灾爆炸、中毒、腐蚀、触电、机械伤害、人员、储存场所等方面进行了较为系统的分析,并提出了相应的对策措施。     

Comparison of energy produced from waste by removing its different components: A case study of the waste landfill in Tehran

In developing and populated cities such as Tehran, a massive amount of municipal solid waste (MSW), both wet and dry, is transferred to landfills daily. Combustion is one of the most common methods of using mixed waste energy from the past to the present. The Dulong formula is widely used to calculate the energy released from MSW combustion. According to the constituent components of Tehran MSW, removing food waste leads to an increase in energy potential, which will be a suitable condition for energy production. In this work, the energy derived from the combustion of mixed and separated dry MSW generated in Tehran was calculated using the experimental Dulong formula and tables in Integrated Solid Waste Management (Tchobanoglous et al. 1993, McGraw‐Hill). The Dulong formula indicates that the use of Tehran mixed MSW (without separating materials for recycling) as a fuel source yields 8,966.40 KJ/kg while the use of Tchobanoglous et al. (1993) tables can generate 8,236 kJ/kg. By removing food waste and recyclable materials, the potential of energy production changes to 22,047 kJ/kg using the Dulong formula and 16,207 kJ/kg and the Tchobanoglous et al. (1993) tables. It indicates increase by 1.46 times and 46%, respectively. Regarding the 200‐ton capacity of the Tehran waste incinerator, the Dulong formula indicated generation of 4,409 MJ/day energy, and the Tchobanoglous et al. table presents 3,241 MJ/day. Therefore, considering that Tehran generates more than 4,000 tons of reject waste daily, it can easily be converted to energy rather than landfilled. This can alleviate the problem of buying land and construction of landfills and leachate generation.     

Application of response surface methodology for the optimization of biodiesel production from yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seed oil

In the present study, response surface methodology (RSM) involving central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the reaction parameters of biodiesel production from yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seed oil during the single-step transesterification process. A total of 30 experiments were designed and performed to determine under the effects of variables on the biodiesel yield such as methanol to oil molar ratio (2:1–10:1), catalyst concentration (0.2–1.0 wt.% NaOH), reaction temperature (50–70°C), and reaction time (30–90 min). The second order polynomial model was used to predict the biodiesel yield and coefficient of determination (R²) was found to be at 0.9818. The optimum biodiesel yield was calculated as 96.695% from the model with the following reaction conditions: 7.41:1 of methanol to oil molar ratio, 0.63 wt. % NaOH of catalyst concentration, 61.84°C of reaction temperature, and 62.12 min of reaction time. It is seen that the regression model results were in agreement with the experimental data. The results showed that RSM is a suitable statistical technique for optimizing the reaction parameters in the transesterification process in order to maximize the biodiesel yield.     

尼罗红荧光染色法的优化及应用

以自主筛选的小球藻为材料对尼罗红荧光染色进行条件优化,并用该方法追踪微藻在污水中的油脂含量变化。实验发现,微藻只有经过超声波破碎,染色才会出现荧光,DMSO的添加会增强荧光反应。最终确定其染色条件为:DMSO与藻液体积比为1∶5,超声波破碎5 min后染色5 min,NR质量浓度1.5μg/m L。在其应用方面发现,微藻的油脂积累量只有培养基的一半,说明污水不利于微藻油脂的积累;最佳采收时期为平稳期,此时微藻的产量和油脂含量达到最高。     

三元高吸油树脂的制备及其吸油性能

采用本体聚合法,以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、苯乙烯(St)和甲基丙烯酸十八酯(SMA)为单体,反应型低聚硅氧烷(OSS)为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂制备了三元高吸油树脂,优化了制备条件,考察了其对不同有机溶剂的吸油性能,并对其进行了表征。实验结果表明:树脂制备的优化条件为BA,St,SMA,OSS,AIBN的质量分别占单体总质量的39.60%,39.60%,20.80%,0.21%,1.50%,于55℃下反应24 h;在该优化条件下所制备的树脂对氯仿的吸油率可达80.2 g/g;树脂对氯仿和二氯甲烷的吸油率远高于其他有机溶剂。表征结果显示,树脂形成了一定的网络结构,具有较好的耐热性、耐寒性和热稳定性。