Residual dynamics of thiacloprid in medical herbs marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil

Thiacloprid is a new insecticide of the chloronicotinyl family. To assess its risk after application, residual characteristics of thiacloprid in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil were studied under field conditions. The active ingredient was extracted from the plant material using a mixture of acetone-water. After filtration, the extract was concentrated to the aqueous phase, diluted with water, and portioned against ethyl acetate on a matrix solid phase dispersion column. Thiacloprid was extracted from soil using a mixture of methanol-water, filtered, and re.extracted （clean up） with dichloromethane. The residues were quantified using HPLC-MS-MS. The methods were validated by recovery experiments. Thiacloprid residues in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil persisted beyond 10, 14, 14, and 21 d but no residues were detected after 14, 21, 21, and 28 d, respectively. The data obtained in this study indicated that the biexponential model is more suitable than the first-order function to describe the decline of thiacloprid in fresh marjoram, fresh thyme, and dried camomile flowers with half-life （t1/2） of 1.1, 0.7, and 1.2 d, respectively. However, both the first-order function and biexponential model were found to be applicable for dissipation of thiacloprid in soil with almost the same t1/2 values of 3.5 and 3.6 d. The results indicated that thiacloprid dissipates rapidly and does not accumulate in the tested herbs and in soil.     

东胜砂岩型铀矿微量元素地球化学特征初探

近年来 ,鄂尔多斯盆地在石油和天然气勘查取得重大进展的同时 ,在盆地北部东胜地区也发现了可地浸砂岩型铀矿床 ,标志着我国地浸砂岩型铀矿勘查取得了重要突破。从微量元素地球化学入手 ,初步总结了东胜地区砂岩型铀矿的微量元素地球化学特征 ,与新疆伊犁和中亚典型的层间氧化带型砂岩铀矿进行了对比 ,分析探讨了铀成矿作用 ,认为东胜砂岩型铀矿成矿作用虽与氧化还原过渡带有关 ,也具外生和深源双重性质的微量元素组合 ,不同于单一的外生水成层间氧化带型砂岩铀矿 ,铀成矿过程中有深部物质和含煤层气或油气流体参与。     

基于生物膜法磷回收工艺厌氧释磷研究

城市污水经过碳回收后的低碳源进水水质将对活性污泥法强化除磷（EBPR）工艺的运行带来困难.本研究基于生物膜法磷回收的序批式反应器（Biofilm-SBR）对低碳、低磷进水进行磷回收,在BSBR反应器好氧无碳源、厌氧低碳源投加的运行基础上,研究了该工艺在低碳模式下厌氧磷释放的关键影响因素.同时,研究了不同的碳源浓度和碳源投加方式对BSBR工艺释磷的影响.最后,分析了系统中生物膜蓄磷量的变化,并探究其与碳源消耗、释磷效果的量化关系.结果表明,该系统在好氧无碳源、厌氧仅200 mg·L^-1的碳源投加下,即可取得115 mg·L^-1（可溶性磷）的富磷回收液.系统的C_upt/P_rel（释放单位质量磷的COD消耗量）平均为（11.12±1.03）mg·mg^-1,最大蓄磷量为124 mg·g^-1.     

超滤法处理乳化油废水的研究

采用ＣＭＰＳ,ＰＳ,ＰＳ／ＣＭＰＳ共混,ＰＡＮ,ＰＳ和ＰＤＣ共混中空纤维超滤膜,对乳化油废水进行了超滤实验和比较,探讨了料液流速,操作温度,操作压力,运行时间膜性能的影响,研究了清洗方法对膜性能的恢复效果,试验表明,采用ＣＭＰＳ,ＰＳ／ＣＭＰＳ中空纤维膜处理乳化油废不效果较好,透过液含油量符合生产回用标准（３００ｍｇ／Ｌ）适宜的适宜温度为５０℃,进口压力为０．１２ＭＰａ,出口压力为０．１０ＭＰａ,     

调理剂对污泥中石油降解速率的影响

试验研究了添加不同调理剂及不同量调理剂对污泥中石油生物降解的影响。结果表明：添加调理剂可以显著地提高石油生物降解速率；几种调理剂之间比较，以木为最好，蛭石次之，稻草再次之。添加６％的调理剂，在室温下培养１２０ｄ，污泥中石油残留量减少了近７０％。     

建筑垃圾资源化处理工艺改进研究

在分析国内建筑垃圾分类及传统处理工艺现状的基础上,针对传统工艺存在的问题进行改进和优化。所设计的新型处理工艺流程从提高破碎比、改善筛分效果,增强骨料强度和降低扬尘4个方面进行了改进,重点为破碎后骨料的颗粒整形强化工艺、凝胶强化工艺、破碎喷淋除尘工艺。具体表现为:在通用处理流程的基础上,把破碎环节改进为筛分后再进行二次破碎,改进筛分为多次筛分,利用不同的筛分原理实现不同筛分效果;骨料形成后的回收环节增加凝胶喷淋提高骨料强度,弥补了当前处理工艺流程的不足,提高了建筑垃圾的处理效率及品质,可为建筑垃圾资源化处理提供参考。     

油污染土壤重金属赋存形态和生物有效性研究

采用逐级提取法对江苏某油区5个已污染的碱性土壤中的Pb、Cd、As、Cr的金属赋存形态和在其上生长的植物的生物可给性进行了调查结果表明,除总Cd外,其他3种金属对土壤都有不同程度的污染污染类型不同,使莎草的生物有效性有较大差异,与对照点相比,除总Cr外,其它3种金属的生物富集系数明显降低金属赋存形态也有不同,其中Pb和Cr以铁锰结合态和残渣态为主,As以铁锰结合态、残渣态和有机质结合态为主,Cd以碳酸盐结合态和残渣态为主.     

Ultrasonic preparation of nano-nickel/activated carbon composite using spent electroless nickel plating bath and application in degradation of 2,6-dichlorophenol

Ni was effectively recovered from spent electroless nickel （EN） plating baths by forming a nano-nickel coated activated carbon composite. With the aid of ultrasonication, melamine- formaldehyde-tetraoxalyl-ethylenediamine chelating resins were grafted on activated carbon （MFT/AG）. PdC12 sol was adsorbed on MFT/AC, which was then immersed in spent electroless nickel plating bath; then nano-nickel could be reduced by ascorbic acid to form a nano-nickel coating on the activated carbon composite （Ni/AC） in situ. The materials present were carefully examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electro- chemistry techniques. The resins were well distributed on the inside and outside surfaces of activated carbon with a size of 120 ± 30 nm in MFT/AC, and a great deal of nano-nickel particles were evenly deposited with a size of 3.8 ± 1.1 nm in Ni/MFT. Moreover, Ni/AC was successfully used as a catalyst for ultrasonic degradation of 2.6-dichloronhenol.     

城市污泥中磷的释放与回收

基于我国磷资源和城市污泥的现状,针对城市污泥中的营养元素,分析了城市污泥中磷回收的必要性;探讨了城市污泥中磷由固相释放至液相的微生物消化法、热处理法和药剂溶出法等;综述了回收液相中磷的磷酸铵镁、磷酸镁钾、磷酸钠钾镁结晶法和磷酸钙盐沉淀法的原理和研究现状;展望了城市污泥中磷释放与回收技术的研究、开发与应用前景。     

反硝化颗粒污泥在纳米零价铁胁迫下的性能恢复

为探明纳米零价铁(nZVI)对反硝化颗粒污泥(DGS)潜在的胁迫效应,本研究通过连续多批次实验,考察了经历n ZVI短期冲击后,DGS反硝化活性在不同C/N比条件下的恢复情况.结果表明,当nZVI投加量高于5 mg·L~(-1)时,DGS比反硝化速率(μ)会出现下降,对应的比反硝化抑制率(IR)与基质C/N比、nZVI投加量呈现正相关.当nZVI投加量达到100 mg·L~(-1)时,胞外蛋白与多糖含量均明显降低.此时,充足的外加碳源(C/N≥4)将有助于促进DGS反硝化活性的恢复和减少去除单位硝态氮所消耗的COD值.由Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温线的拟合结果可知,基质C/N比越高,DGS对n ZVI的吸附能力就越强.在恢复期内,泥相中总铁含量(Qe)的持续削减为高C/N比条件下,DGS反硝化活性的提升创造了有利条件.当Qe降至0.4 mg·g~(-1)以下时,μ值可达到或接近对照组的水平.