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781.
我国的电子垃圾回收利用基本处于失控状态,缺乏监管。回收处理方式:一是作为普通垃圾被填埋;二是对于尚能使用的废弃电子产品拿到旧货市场贩卖,不能使用的则私自拆解,回收提炼贵金属,丢弃不能利用的产品,对环境产生极大危害。因此,应建立和完善电子垃圾回收处理法规体系,回收利用体系,开发电子废物处理利用的新技术,改变无序发展状态。 相似文献
782.
文中叙述了1988 ̄1990年间,我国4个港湾-大连湾、天津港、深圳湾及珠江河段各疏浚区疏浚物中油类污染调查及分布状况。文中介绍了站位布设原则,样品采集、样品处理、分析测试方法。进行了沾污疏浚物油类出溶出实验,认为油类溶出实验是估价疏浚物油类污染的程度的重要手段。讨论了4港湾疏浚物油类污染水平。大连湾海域疏浚物石油污染明显,珠江河段,深圳湾及天津港疏浚物稍受影响,基本上是清洁的。 相似文献
783.
城市垃圾焚烧发电系统热平衡分析与优化方案 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以城市垃圾焚烧过程的热工计算为基础,深入研究了热平衡分析与能量回收之间的关系。针对国内在垃圾焚烧发电领域存在的主要问题,提出了传统工艺的优化方案,并对我国城市垃圾焚烧发电的能量回收利用前景进行了预测分析。 相似文献
784.
Isosaari P Tuhkanen T Vartiainen T 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2004,11(3):181-185
GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of olive oil on the photodegradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in contaminated sawmill soil. Previous studies had shown that the solubility of PCDD/Fs in olive oil is high and a rapid photodegradation of PCDD/Fs takes place in olive oil when irradiated with ultraviolet (blacklight) lamps. The efficiency of this treatment method was evaluated under more practical conditions. These included the use of sunlight irradiation and a lower-grade olive oil, without a preliminary extraction of soil with olive oil. METHODS: A 1-cm layer of contaminated sawmill soil was blended with 20 weight-% of olive oil and exposed to sunlight for four weeks. In another experiment, a new dose of olive oil was added at the middle of the exposure period. The PCDD/F concentrations of the soils were monitored periodically. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A reduction in the concentration of 2,3,7,8-chlorinated PCDD/Fs by 59% and in WHO-TEQ in contaminated sawmill soil by 48% was attained after blending the soil with two doses (20 + 20%) of olive oil and exposing the mixture to sunlight for four weeks. Photodegradation with only one dose of olive oil was less efficient. This suggests that periodical additions of olive oil would be needed to maintain a proper degradation rate. After the oil additions, the WHO-TEQ content of the soil declined with first order reaction half-lives of 19.2 to 19.7 d. The overall half-life during the four-week treatment, however, was 30 d. CONCLUSION: A significant reduction in the PCDD/F concentration of aged sawmill soil can be achieved with a relatively simple olive oil-sunlight treatment. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: Some theoretical and technological questions need to be solved before using the investigated soil decontamination method in larger-scale applications. The functions of vegetable oils in photodegradation processes should be studied in more detail. The amount of oil that is needed for a proper solubilisation and photodegradation of PCDD/Fs should be minimised. Moreover, special care should be taken to prevent mobilisation of PCDD/Fs to the surrounding environment and to avoid leaving bioavailable residuals of PCDD/Fs in soil. 相似文献
785.
786.
787.
以石油酸为主要原料的重油乳化剂的研制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用石油酸与三乙醇胺,非离子型表面活性剂复配制备了一种廉价的重油乳化剂,最佳配方为石油酸500mg,三乙醇胺25mg,非离子表面活性剂2为25mg,乳化助剂H20mg,pH11(共占乳化油总质量的0.57%),可使油水质量比为70:30的油包水型乳化重油在80℃下稳定36h,实验过程中采用均匀设计与调优软件进行实验方案的设计和实验结果的优化,考察了乳化剂中石油酸与三乙醇胺和非离子表面活性剂量的协同作用以及PH的影响。结果表明,组分间交互作用明显,在不同的配方下,组分的作用会有很大变化,有时甚至会是相反的。 相似文献
788.
789.
790.
The leakage of fluid leaving a puncture in a pressurized vessel immersed in a quiescent, miscible medium is studied under
steady flow conditions. This problem has engineering applications in submerged pipelines and hazardous gas lines. The leakage
rate for the puncture is characterized as functions of various hydrodynamic and geometric conditions. Dimensional analysis
shows that the leakage percent, Q*, is a function of the Reynolds number, the pressure ratio between the center of the tube and the external hydrostatic pressure,
P*, and the hole-to-main tube diameter ratio, D*. The effect of puncture shape is also examined, rectangular and circular. A 3-D finite volume computational model is constructed
for laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid under steady conditions and validated with supporting experiments. The results show
that the fractional leakage rate Q* increases with P* and approaches a constant value at high P* for a fixed Reynolds number. In addition, it is found that the leakage rate increases with decreasing Reynolds number at
a fixed pressure ratio. The geometric effect of the diameter ratio is shown to have a more pronounced effect near a pressure
ratio of two with more fluid exiting the puncture for larger diameter ratios. The results of the shape analysis show that
the circular puncture has the largest fractional leakage when compared to a rectangle with an equivalent cross-sectional area. 相似文献