国外石油天然气开采行业清洁生产技术发展动态

对比和分析了各国或国际组织关于清洁生产含义的不同解释方法,阐述了石油天然气开采行业清洁生产的基本概念。在此基础上,按照物探、钻井、井下作业(包括试油、酸化及酸压、压裂、修井)、采油及采气生产几个工艺环节,对国际上石油天然气开采行业清洁生产最新技术进行了详细总结和分析。针对我国相关行业的清洁生产水平,提出了实用有效的技术发展对策和建议。     

脱硫海水恢复试验研究

阐述了影响脱硫海水恢复的因素，着重介绍了稀释比、稀释方式、曝气时间、曝气速率等因素对海水恢复的影响试验，试验结果对脱硫海水恢复系统的优化设计具有一定的参考价值。     

废旧塑料回收技术

从我国废塑料回收利用的现状出发，分析了今后我国废塑料回收利用技术的发展趋势和应采取的措施，指出了废塑料回收利用的重要性。     

Volatilization behaviors of diesel oil from the soils

The volatilization of diesel oil, Shengli crude oil and 90 # gasoline on glass surface of petri dishes were conducted at the ambient temperature of 25℃. Diesel oil evaporates in a power manner, where the loss of mass is approximately power with time. 90 # gasoline evaporates in a logarithmic with time. Where as the volatilization of Shengli crude oil fit either the logarithmic or power equation after different time, and has similar R^2 . And the effects of soil type and diesel oil and water content on volatilization behavior in unsaturated soil were studied in this paper. Diesel oil and water content in the soils play a large role in volatilization from soils. Appropriate water helps the wicking action but too much water stops it. The wicking action behaves differently in four different types of soils in the same volatilization experiment of 18% diesel oil content and air-dry condition.     

液相络合-铁粉还原-酸吸收回收法脱除烟气中NO

提出了Fe2+螯合剂络合-铁粉还原-酸吸收回收法脱除烟气中NO的新工艺,重点研究了模拟烟气中O₂含量对NO络合量的影响,以及铁粉用量、铁粉粒径和搅拌速度对脱氮效率的影响,确定了最佳的铁粉脱氮工艺条件,并对铁粉和铁屑的脱氮效果进行了比较.结果表明:烟气中φ(O₂)从0增加到4.2%,NO络合量下降90.2%;脱氮效率随铁粉用量和反应器搅拌速度的增加而增加,随铁粉粒径的增加而降低;最佳工艺参数为,铁粉用量0.8 g,铁粉粒径≥200目(≤0.077 mm),搅拌速度900 r/min,在该条件下,对φ(O₂)为5%的模拟烟气在搅拌反应器中可取得90%以上的脱氮效率;用铁粉在1台搅拌反应器中取得的脱氮效率和用铁屑在2个鼓泡反应器串联时所取得的效率相当.      

油气田建设水土保持措施体系研究

文章对西南地区典型油气田建设工程水土保持措施的类型、工程量进行数理统计,监测评估水土保持措施体系的实施效果,对不同的工程单元分区利用多元相关分析方法,研究水土保持措施与实施效果之间的线性关系,进一步提出不同类型水土保持措施的优先等级。结果表明：当前油气田建设过程中,工程措施使用频率最高,植物措施与临时措施对水土保持效果最为显著。为西南油气田建设工程水土保持措施制定和实施提出指导性建议。     

Bio-herbicidal effects of five essential oils on germination and early seedling growth of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.)

The evaluation of the inhibition effect exerted by the essential oils of basil (Ocimum basilicum), sage (Salvia officinalis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea) on seeds germination and early seedling growth of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) weed was examined in a laboratory bioassay. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized chemically by gas chromatography coupled with both mass spectrometry and flame ionization detector. The working solutions of essential oil emulsified with Tween 20 and dissolved in distilled water were prepared at three concentration levels (0.01%, 0.1% and 1%, vol/vol). The results obtained showed that increase of essential oil concentration leads to decrease of seed germination, shoot and radical length of velvetleaf. The obtained data revealed a highly significant effect (P?<?0.05) between control and 1% and 0.1% oil concentrations in all treatments. The essential oils of basil, thyme and lemon balm exhibited more powerful bio-herbicidal effect compared to sage and goldenrod essential oils on the germination and early seedling growth of velvetleaf weed.     

从水溶液中分离回收醋酸方法的评述

评述了从水溶液中分离回收醋酸的普通精馏法、共沸精馏法、酯化法和溶剂萃取法，具体分析了各种方法 特点及适用范围。建议在工业上对较高浓度的醋酸用低沸点溶剂萃取－共沸精馏联合法，对低浓度醋酸溶液采用有机胺溶剂萃取法进行分离。     

阳离子交换树脂生产中废酸的回收利用及树脂质量控制

采用 酸套洗工艺代替传统的加水稀释洗涤工艺，成功地解决了阳离子交换树脂生产中废酸的回收利用问题，研究了采用新洗涤工艺后树脂变红的机理和防止对策，结果表明，树脂发红帅微生物的参与而引起的。采以完善洗涤 灭菌措施可防止树脂 ，从而确保了稀酸套洗工艺的顺利实施。     

S-316提取剂测定水中石油类

红外分光光度法测定水中石油类，可用S－316（六氯四氟丁烷）作提取剂，测定了以S－316为溶剂配制的正十六烷，姥鲛烷和甲苯溶液的校正系数，并对该校正系数作了检验，比较了S－316和CCl4的本底值和萃取率，结果表明S－316可作为红外法测定水中石油类的提取剂，并具有毒性小，萃取率高等特点。