防腐漆涂装含锌废水中锌粉的回收与利用

从水性环氧富锌涂料工业涂装废水中回收废锌粉,通过加热二甲基亚砜来溶解包覆于废锌粉表面的环氧树脂漆膜,得到回收锌粉,并将其再利用制防腐漆。在沉降时间12 h、热处理温度110 ℃、热处理时间60 min的条件下,废锌粉表面上的环氧树脂被去除,可直接以金属锌粉的形态加以回收利用,回收锌粉达到GB/T 6890—2012《锌粉》中的二级标准。使用后的溶剂经旋转蒸发后可再次使用,对锌粉的回收效果无影响。回收锌粉制备的防腐漆,其防腐蚀性能良好,可比市售锌粉。     

老化油处理技术研究进展

老化油是石油工业生产过程中产生的含大量化学药剂、水、黏土及无机盐的状态稳定的复杂乳液,其产生量大、处理难度高。介绍了老化油的来源、成分、数量、对生产的危害、特点及处理难点,总结了老化油现有的处理方法,包括物理法、化学法、生物法及组合工艺,分析了各种方法的优缺点,并对老化油的管理和研究方向提出了建议。     

负载金属改性活性炭纤维的脱硫性能

采用浸渍法将金属负载到活性炭纤维(ACF)上对其进行改性,研究了负载金属改性ACF对模型油(二苯并噻吩-正辛烷)的吸附脱硫效果,对比了不同单金属和复合金属盐改性ACF的脱硫性能。实验结果表明:Ag和Zn复合改性的ACF具有最好的脱硫性能;在吸附温度为40℃,吸附时间为2.5 h,油剂质量比为21.5的优化条件下,脱硫率高达97.55%,且具有良好的重复利用性。     

Isolation and identification of potential fungal species for spent engine lubrication oil remediation in Peninsular Malaysia

Improper disposal and spills of spent engine oil into the environment can result in contamination, which eventually affects humans through the food chain. Mycoremediation is an effective and inexpensive alternative to clean up spent engine oil contamination. In recent work, the potential effectiveness of fungi for degrading spent engine oil was confirmed, with the species identified through molecular identification. Fungi that were able to grow in Bushnell Haas Broth supplied with spent engine oil were identified with the potential to utilize spent engine oil as a carbon source. Six species of fungi namely Penicillium simplicissimum, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Aspergillus ustus, and Aspergillus flavus were successfully identified in this study. Over a course of seven days, P. simplicissimum (21.11 percent) was identified as the most effective fungi in degrading spent engine oil, followed by A. nidulans (17.75 percent), A. niger (15.85 percent), T. longibrachiatum (15.12 percent), A. ustus (15.02 percent), and A. flavus (11.80 percent). As these species of fungi were isolated from the natural environment in Peninsular Malaysia, the potential of using these fungi as mycoremediation of spent engine oil was therefore confirmed.     

大型油罐火灾爆炸危害范围研究

针对大型油罐火灾爆炸对人员伤亡危害范围的问题,采用PHAST软件模拟定量分析了外部环境（风速、大气稳定度、空气湿度）、初始条件（泄漏点离地高度、泄漏孔直径）和其他因素（防火堤面积）对火灾爆炸伤亡半径的影响,根据模拟结果拟合了外部环境和初始条件与池火灾和蒸气云爆炸危害范围的关系式。结果表明:在相同条件下,软件模拟与实验结果误差较小,该研究具有可信性;池火灾危害范围随风速、泄漏点离地高度、泄漏孔当量直径和防火堤面积的增加而增加,而与大气稳定度的关系不大;蒸气云爆炸危害范围随风速的增加而降低,随大气稳定度和泄漏孔当量直径的增加而增加,而与泄漏点离地高度和空气湿度影响不大;拟合得到的外部环境和初始条件与池火灾和蒸气云爆炸危害范围的关系式可为大型油罐火灾爆炸事故中相关作业人员的应急撤离提供决策参考。     

Development and validation of HPLC methods for analysis of chlorantraniliprole insecticide in technical and commercial formulations

Effective, selective, precise and accurate liquid chromatographic analytical methods for the analysis of a novel chlorantraniliprole insecticide in technical and formulation (coragen, 20% SC) have been optimized and validated. Eight methods were designed based on different mobile phases, temperature and two HPLC columns. The mobile phase consists of two mixtures (acetonitrile:water, 70:30 and methanol:water, 70:30) with 25 or 40ºC. HPLC analysis of chlorantraniliprole was carried out at a wavelength of 260 nm, with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The calibration curves showed a good linear relationship (R² ? 0.99) in the injected quantities ranged from 0.0125 to 1.00 μg. Limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 3.94 to 14.56 ng and from 5.95 to 12.93 ng using the analytical methods I to IV by MicroPack CN-10 and V-VIII by ZORBAX Eclips Plus C18 columns, respectively, based on SDslope values. ZORBAX Eclips Plus C18 column with method VI was the best one (R² = 1.00 and RSD = 0.30), short retention time (4.936 min), high theoretical plates per column (65457.15) compared to others and LOD = 6.49 ng. The accuracy of the best method was demonstrated by recovery rates of 83.04% to 98.50% for grape samples supplemented with 5, 10 and 50 mg chlorantraniliprole/kg.     

Assessing non‐metro recovery across two continents: issues and limitations

Rural and remote areas of countries such as Australia and the United States are less well‐resourced and often poorer than their city counterparts. When a disaster strikes, therefore, their long‐term recovery can be impeded by being situated ‘over the horizon'. Nonetheless, they are likely to enjoy higher social capital, with ‘locals’ banding together to help restore economic and social life in the wake of a calamitous incident. At the same time, a repeat of extreme events, springing in part from alteration to the landscape through intense human occupation, threatens to derail sustainable recovery processes everywhere, suggesting that renewed emphasis needs to be placed on preparedness. Improved metrics are also required, spanning both pre‐ and post‐disaster phases, to determine effectiveness. Moreover, a focus on the ‘hardening’ of towns offers a better return in limiting damage and potentially hastens the speed of recovery should these places later fall victim to extreme events.     

从废阴极射线管含铅玻璃中回收金属铅的研究进展

随着显像管技术的发展,我国迎来了大量阴极射线管(CRT)玻璃的报废期。废弃的CRT玻璃中含有大量的铅,属于危险废物。从国内外废CRT含铅玻璃的处理处置现状出发,归纳总结了废CRT含铅玻璃中铅的分离回收技术工艺,并分析了其特点及存在的问题。指出,未来该领域新技术的研发应同时注重4个方面:铅的回收率高,对玻璃中的其他组分能够有效利用,满足经济可行性要求,便于工业化生产。     

铜基钯镍退镀液中铜的再生利用

采用硫氰酸盐沉铜法回收铜基钯镍退镀液中的铜。沉铜的优化工艺条件为初始Cu~(2+)质量浓度3.84 g/L、Cu~(2+)与Na SCN及Na_2SO_3摩尔比1∶4∶0.6、沉铜反应温度30℃,陈化时间24 h,沉铜反应后退镀液中Cu~(2+)残留量仅为0.025 mg/L。在此条件下加入聚乙二醇1.5 g/L,并提高分散液温度至50℃,可制得平均粒径为0.472μm的CuSCN超细粉体。CuSCN粉体为类球形,为含α、β两种晶型的混晶。     

污泥灰中磷的湿化学法回收技术研究进展

从污泥灰中磷的提取、磷与重金属的分离和磷产品的制备3方面综述了国内外湿化学法回收污泥灰中磷的研究进展,重点分析了磷提取过程中的各种影响因素,并对今后污泥灰中磷的湿化学法回收技术的研究方向进行了展望。指出:利用萃取的方法将提取液中的无机强酸萃取出来并回收重复利用,可大幅降低酸的消耗量;在回收磷的同时可研究回收不同种类金属的方法,尤其是价值较大的重金属,以进一步提高污泥灰资源的回收价值。