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951.
952.
环境样品中痕量锰的催化动力学测定法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对环境样品中痕量锰的催化动力学测定方法进行简要评述,引述文献16篇。 相似文献
953.
Venkateswara R. Rao 《Environmental management》1995,19(3):313-320
Risk management practices under the current environmental regulations is a long, complex process that considers scientific,
technologic, and management factors to develop various regulatory standards and pollution control measures. Using the mandatory
enforcement approach, sometimes referred to as “command-and-control”, a set of preliminary environmental goals, such as better
air and water qualities, were achieved. However, the information-intensive nature of the risk management process and the lack
of flexibility in conventional regulatory methods to changing economic and technologic realities of the decade has created
interest among risk managers to examine some innovative management approaches. Above all, environmental problems of a global
scale require novel management methods while striving to achieve the desired environmental goals.
As the principal analytical tool in risk management, quantitative risk assessment exerts considerable influence on the risk
management process. Therefore, advances in risk management are closely associated with scientific developments that enhance
the risk assessment process, particularly those efforts aimed at improving human exposure and toxicity assessments. Market
incentives, information dissemination, creative enforcement practices, and interagency and intergovernmental interactions
were identified as the key elements of innovative environmental risk management practices. This paper will present an overview
of the emerging innovative risk management approaches. 相似文献
954.
加强环境监测管理的几点思考 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
分析了环境监测在环境管理活动各个阶段所发挥的重要作用,以及目前环境监测管理中存在的主要问题,提出了加强监测管理的建议,旨在建设先进的环境监测预警体系,开创环境质量监测工作新局面。 相似文献
955.
J. Richard Davis 《Environmental management》1985,9(5):443-448
Environmental planning legislation in New South Wales now requires local government authorities to draw up statutory plans that take into account, among other concerns, both the biophysical and the social environmental issues within their jurisdictions. The SIRO-PLAN method of plan production provides a systematic mechanism for fulfilling this requirement. This article describes the application of the method by planning researchers over 18 months to the production of a Local Environmental Plan for a rural local government in New South Wales. The policy formulation, the purposive data collection, and the deliberate adjustment of plans in order to recognize interest group requirements were all found to be valuable features of the method, while the translation of the ultimately chosen land-use plan into the explicit regulatory controls available to the local government authority was found to require further refinement. The capacity of SIRO-PLAN to quantify the resolution of competing environmental concerns in the final plan, although of value to planning researchers, proved too arcane for traditionally trained planners. 相似文献
956.
近年来我们陆续承接了一些发展中国家电力工程中环境影响评价的招标,议标工作和世界银行(以下简称世行)在国内贷款项目的环境影响评价。本文就工作中所涉及的环境影响评价的深度和广度,执行标准,以及今后工作中有待加强的方面作了一些探讨。 相似文献
957.
This paper tests an equilibrium condition from a model that incorporates: (1) altruism of parents toward their young children, and (2) household production of latent health risks. The model demonstrates that an altruistic parent's marginal rate of substitution between an environmental health risk to herself and to her child is equal to the ratio of marginal risk reduction costs. Econometric estimates support this prediction based on data from a stated preference survey involving 488 parents of children aged 3–12 years. This outcome implies that parents reallocate family resources to at least partly offset the effectiveness of public programs that aim to reduce their children's environmental risks. 相似文献
958.
959.
James A. Perry David J. Schaeffer Harold W. Kerster Edwin E. Herricks 《Environmental management》1985,9(3):199-207
The planning and execution of water quality management programs requires careful collection and analysis of data coupled with a systematic review and analysis of programmatic success. The environmental audit is a tool which facilitates improved water quality planning and management. This article demonstrates the utility of the environmental audit by reviewing portions of a comprehensive review of the water quality management program for the state of Idaho. The audit is a tool which forces careful design of a sampling program before data are collected. In the audit approach, program objectives are clearly stated prior to initiation of sampling. Stated objectives are also evaluated regularly to identify tension points, that is, conflicts between expectations and reality. In the example taken from Idaho, a management review team followed a directive to redesign the water quality monitoring program. We present a summary of the redesign as proposed by that team, to illustrate the results of a typical review of monitoring programs. That summary is followed by an example of how the proposed program would differ if the audit approach had been used. The two approaches offered both coincident and conflicting recommendations. Management review team and audit recommendations for lake sampling programs were similar even though a different process was used to develop the recommendations. The most striking contrast between the two results lies in the review team's approach to the problem. The directives followed, and the team's responses, concentrate on tools, such as increasing biological monitoring or reliance on monthly BWMP stations. In contrast, the audit results stress addressing management questions for which clear objectives have been stated, depending on specific tools only as needed to meet stated objectives. Although the audit does integrate externalities in its structure, it is little affected by economic or political influences. A major strength of the audit approach is its ability to provide defensible data for management decision making. 相似文献
960.
Estuaries and coastal lagoons are characterized by a strong spatial and temporal variability of physicochemical characteristics and productivity patterns. In these environments, the magnitude and direction of the ecological responses to inorganic nutrient increase (i.e. eutrophication) are difficult to predict. In the framework of the project, New Indicators of Trophic state and environmental quality of marine coastal ecosystems and transitional environments (NITIDA), we analysed benthic indicators of trophic state, ecosystem efficiency, and environmental quality in four different transitional environments. The trophic state of the sediments was assessed in terms of quantity and bioavailability of sediment organic C pools; ecosystem efficiency was determined in terms of the prokaryote efficiency in exploiting enzymatycally degraded organic C; environmental quality was determined in terms of meiofaunal diversity. Here, we provide a synopsis of the results obtained and a meta-analysis of the scores assessments obtained using the different ecological indicators of environmental quality and demonstrate that trophic state, ecosystem efficiency, and biodiversity in transitional ecosystems are closely linked. We conclude that the assessment of the environmental quality of transitional ecosystems should be based upon a battery of trophic state indicators and 'sensors' of ecosystem functioning, efficiency, and quality. 相似文献