项目EIA与区域环境规划的协调途径探讨

通过对项目ＥＩＡ与区域环境规划的概念,性质,内容,方法及在环境管理中作用的论述,指出了二者在实施中存在的问题,阐明了它们的特点与相互关系,同时结合我国当前的环境状况与面临的形势及对环境管理新的要求,提出了在今后的实施中应注意协调的原则和方法。     

环境污染对生态危害经济损失风险评估模式的综述

从风险评价和环境经济学角度,综述了环境污染对生态环境危害经济报失的评估模式。     

房地产开发项目环境影响评价的探讨

根据房地产开发项目的特点,阐述该项目施工期、运行期分别对环境产生的不良影响,着重分析施工期扬尘、运行期废水污染情况,以及减缓该不利影响的措施,最后总结房地产开发项目环境影响评价还须进一步探讨的问题。     

沈阳郊区城镇的环境质量特点--浅析新城子区的环境特点

我国北方有众多中小城镇 ,其环境质量大都有一定特点。本文根据多年的环境监测资料 ,以沈阳郊区新城子区年 ,季间的环境质量变化 ,研究其污染特性和特点 ,分析不同时空变化的环境质量。争取中小城镇的环境综合治理提供技术依据。大气污染主要集中在冬季 ,燃煤污染仍然是主要污染来源 ;水环境污染以城镇生活污水为主 ,而且环境水的缺少又给环境带来了巨大的压力     

改善环境质量,发展环境经济--沈阳市环境综合整治社会、经济、环境效益浅析

在论述环境经济的本质及发展环境经济必要性的基础上 ,通过沈阳市环境综合整治的实例 ,阐述改善环境质量对沈阳市社会、经济、环境效益的促进作用     

Institutional, Legal, and Economic Instruments in Ghana's Environmental Policy

The environmental situation in Ghana is characterized by desertification, land degradation, deforestation, soil erosion, and inadequate water supply in the northern regions of the country. The population as a whole is growing at a rate of 3% per annum, with even greater urban growth rates, due to rural out-migration. Large parts of the coastal zone in the south are rapidly developing to become one large suburbanized area. Water quality is particularly threatened in the urban and industrialized areas, which are mainly located in the southern part of the country. The coastal lagoons and coastal waters are moderately to heavily polluted. Erosion extends along the whole Ghanaian coast with excesses, for example, in the Keta area, where during the last century over 90% of the original buildings have been washed awayby the sea. The obvious environmental consequences of the mining sector are illustrative of the environmental threats caused by a fast growing industry and industrializing agriculture, in a country where environmental policy is only in its formative years. Desertification, food insecurity and coastal erosion all contribute to an increasing number of environmental refugees. Environmental policy in Ghana is a post-Rio phenomenon. Environmental laws, a Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, an advisory National Committee for the Implementation of Agenda 21, and a fully mandated environmental administration have been established. This administration advocates a progressive attitude towards environmental legislation and points out the specific utility of economic and legal instruments in environmental management in this relatively fast developing country. The choice of instruments for environmental management is increasingly influenced by the specific state of African environmental and technological capacity and by a call for the recognition of the role of traditional customs in nature conservation. This African perspective on environmental management is further intensified by an unmet need for regional, transboundary cooperation in the West African subcontinent. This specific West African context calls for an elaboration of an effective capacity-building program for environmental management in the area.     

环境力对引信安全系统可靠性的影响分析

安全性与作用可靠性是引信的两项重要技术指标。引信的工作过程和工作环境比较特殊,不同于一般的机电产品。在一般机电产品的安全可靠性建模过程中,环境因素不被考虑,但对于引信而言,其可靠性与环境力却有着密切关系。笔者根据引信工作的特殊性,对环境力及其作用时间的安全可靠度及作用可靠度进行了计算。     

The economics of land application of fresh and composted broiler litter with an environmental constraint

Land application of broiler litter is a common disposal method due to its value as a fertiliser substitute, but presents potential environmental problems because of nutrient runoff. Composting has been suggested as an alternative due to the formation of more stable organic components. The land application of fresh and composted broiler litter are compared as alternative disposal methods. The costs of land application of broiler litter are dominated by spreading because of low nutrient densities relative to commercial fertilisers. Composting broiler litter before land application appears to be substantially less economically attractive than land application of fresh broiler litter because of high costs of production and higher spreading costs due to even lower nutrient density. However, when environmental constraints are placed on the phosphorus concentration from hayfield runoff, composting becomes a more attractive alternative. Composting becomes more viable as the land base for application becomes smaller relative to broiler production; as alternative disposal costs for litter become higher; and as environmental constraints become stricter.     

INTEGRATING SOCIAL BENEFIT COST ACCOUNTING INTO WATERSHED RESTORATION AND PROTECTION PROGRAMS1

ABSTRACT: Successful watershed management requires consideration of multiple objectives and the efficient use of scarce public and private resources. One way to address these multi-faceted issues is through Social Benefit-Cost Accounting (SBCA). SBCA is a systematic method of addressing complex social and economic issues relevant to proposed watershed management projects. Benefits of using this technique include: benefits and costs of watershed projects are better understood; politically sensitive issues tend to be put into perspective; and stakeholders' interests are placed on a level playing field. An example from Bogota, Colombia demonstrates how SBCA can be used to value the benefits and costs of a proposed project. By addressing the benefits and costs to all stakeholders, the design of watershed management programs can be improved to achieve goals in a cost-effective manner.     

乌鲁木齐市市民环境意识万人问卷调查报告

为贯彻全国和自治区第４次环保会议精神,了解和提高全市各族群众的环境意识,使环境保护基本国策深入人心,乌鲁木齐市环保局在１９９８年“六·五”世界环境日之际开展了以“关心环境保护,共建美丽首府”为主题的市民环境意识万人问卷活动。由全市７区１县及２个开发区环保局（站）协助,分别在政府机关、厂矿、学校、街头、摊点进行发放问卷活动。调查结果初步摸清了乌鲁木齐市在环境宣传教育中所取得的成效和存在的问题,为今后更好地加强环境宣传教育,普及环境科学知识,提高社会各界环境意识提供了参考信息。