Application of statistical modeling to optimize a coastal water quality monitoring program

The long-term water quality monitoring program implemented by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority in 1992 is extensive and has provide substantial understanding of the seasonality of the waters in both Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay and the response to improvements in effluent quality and offshore transfer of the effluent in September 2000. The monitoring program was designed with limited knowledge of spatial and temporal variability and long-term trends within the system. This led to an extensive spatial and temporal sampling program. The data through 2003 showed high correlation within physical parameters measured (e.g., salinity, dissolved oxygen) and in biological measures such as chlorophyll fluorescence. To address the potential sampling redundancies in the measurement program, an assessment of the impact of reduced levels of monitoring on the ability to make water quality decisions was completed. The optimization was conducted by applying statistical models that took into account whether there was evidence of a seasonal pattern in the data. The optimization used model survey average readings to identify temporal fixed effects, model survey-average-corrected individual station readings to identify spatial fixed effects, corrected the individual station readings for temporal and spatial fixed effects and derived a correlation model for the corrected data, and applied the correlation model to characterize the correlation of annual average readings from reduced monitoring programs with true parameter levels. Reductions in the number of sampling stations were found less detrimental to the quality of the data for annual decision-making than reductions in the number of surveys per year, although there is less of a difference in this regard for dissolved oxygen than there is for chlorophyll. The analysis led to recommendations for a substantially lower monitoring effort with minimal loss of information. The recommendation supported an annual budget savings of approximately $183,000. Most of the savings was from fewer surveys as approximately $21,000 came from the reduction in the number of stations monitored from 21 to 7 and associated laboratory analytical costs.     

三峡地区工业行业环境与经济行为特征分析

通过对三峡地区工业污染物产生强度和排放强度分析表明,三峡地区的产生强度和排放强度均高于东部先进水平和全国平均水平,指出了三峡地区的污染防治需从源头控制和末端治理双管齐下进行;引入"环境协调指数EHI(行业的经济贡献率与污染贡献率的比值)"分析行业的环境与经济行为特征,指明了三峡地区COD和氨氮相对污染重、经济效益差的行业.为区域产业结构调整提供了科学依据.     

浅谈水污染事故的应急监测

突发性水污染事故危害大,要求应急监测工作快速、及时和准确,要尽快找到污染发生源.说清污染物的空间和时间变化特征,迁移和变化趋势,污染物的排放总量,现场应急措施的效果等,便于相关人员进一步优化处理措施和试验方案.文章叙述了常见水污染事故的应急监测方法,并讨论了水污染事故应急监测过程中应注意的一些问题.     

"参考声级校准法"研究初探

如何解决环境噪声监测系统的自动校准问题,是困扰现阶段我国环境噪声自动监测工作走向实用化的难题.文章首次提出"参考声级校准法"的概念,并利用数字校准的方式实现了自动声级校准,对"参考声级校准法"实现方法作了简要的说明与阐述.     

创新我国环境监测质量管理体系初探

在调研国内外环境监测质量管理模式的基础上,提出了强化环境监测统一监督管理,建立国家环境监测质量管理与技术中心、区域(流域)环境监测质量管理与技术中心,完善各级环境监测机构质量管理工作体系的设想.     

渔业污染事故的应急监测

简述我国渔业污染现状,分析突发性污染死鱼事件的管辖权问题和一般分类,提出突发性污染死鱼事件应急监测的实施和要求.     

建设项目竣工环保验收复测原因探析及复测程序制定

简述了建设项目竣工验收监测的重要性和验收复测的普遍性,分析了验收复测的原因,提出了降低验收复测率的措施。制定了验收复测程序,旨在规范复测工作,提高复测质量,有效推进建设项目竣工环保验收进度。     

道路交通噪声自动监测应用探讨

结合城市道路路网状况及实际噪声监测数据和历史实验数据,对道路交通噪声自动监测数据的有效性、监测点位布设进行了研究,对道路交通噪声监测点位优化提出建议。     

原广州氮肥厂地块地下水环境质量评价

对原广州氮肥厂遗留地块浅层地下水环境质量进行调查与评价。结果表明,其整个地块浅层地下水被污染,特别是硫酸车间和造气车间为地下水污染最重区域。主要污染项目为Mn、NH3-N、亚硝酸盐、Fe、总硬度、IMn、SO2-、F-。提出,在作土壤开挖、修复和新建工程项目过程中,工程施工排水应处理后方可排放,以减少对周围环境水体的影响;建筑工人应避免直接接触地下水,施工时佩带手套,做好保护措施,减少皮肤暴露。     

加强环境监测质量管理人员队伍建设的思考

简述了环境监测质量管理人员队伍存在的问题。指出建立优良的质量管理人员队伍是规范环境监测质量管理工作、强化环境监测质量管理能力、提高环境监测质量管理水平的坚实基础。提出了建立完善环境监测质量管理人员队伍的设想,应梳理总结,建立质量管理理论体系;明确职责,完善质量管理人员队伍体系;分清层次,建立有效的培训机制。