三峡工程三期蓄水初期长江口水域春季浮游动物群落特征及其与环境的关系

三峡工程于2010年10月26日达到三期正常蓄水位,为了研究三期蓄水后初期长江口的生态环境特征,于2011年4月对长江口水域24个站位进行了浮游动物的采集,分析了其种类、丰度、优势种及其与环境的关系.结果表明,调查海域共发现浮游动物97种(含20种浮游幼体),其中,桡足类33种,水母类13种,介形类5种,毛颚类5种,还有一些其它浮游种类.夜光虫和中华哲水蚤是该水域的绝对优势种.根据各站位浮游动物种类组成及其丰度,采用聚类分析法将该水域的浮游动物分为4组群落区域:外海高盐区、冲淡水和外海水混合区、长江口南支附近、长江口北支附近.物种丰度和多样性在空间分布上呈相反的趋势,在长江冲淡水和外海水的混合水域丰度最高,多样性指数最低.物种与环境的CCA(典范对应分析)显示,影响长江口春季浮游动物群落结构的主要环境因子为盐度、营养盐和水温.     

Effect of risk aversion on prioritizing conservation projects

Conservation outcomes are uncertain. Agencies making decisions about what threat mitigation actions to take to save which species frequently face the dilemma of whether to invest in actions with high probability of success and guaranteed benefits or to choose projects with a greater risk of failure that might provide higher benefits if they succeed. The answer to this dilemma lies in the decision maker's aversion to risk—their unwillingness to accept uncertain outcomes. Little guidance exists on how risk preferences affect conservation investment priorities. Using a prioritization approach based on cost effectiveness, we compared 2 approaches: a conservative probability threshold approach that excludes investment in projects with a risk of management failure greater than a fixed level, and a variance‐discounting heuristic used in economics that explicitly accounts for risk tolerance and the probabilities of management success and failure. We applied both approaches to prioritizing projects for 700 of New Zealand's threatened species across 8303 management actions. Both decision makers’ risk tolerance and our choice of approach to dealing with risk preferences drove the prioritization solution (i.e., the species selected for management). Use of a probability threshold minimized uncertainty, but more expensive projects were selected than with variance discounting, which maximized expected benefits by selecting the management of species with higher extinction risk and higher conservation value. Explicitly incorporating risk preferences within the decision making process reduced the number of species expected to be safe from extinction because lower risk tolerance resulted in more species being excluded from management, but the approach allowed decision makers to choose a level of acceptable risk that fit with their ability to accommodate failure. We argue for transparency in risk tolerance and recommend that decision makers accept risk in an adaptive management framework to maximize benefits and avoid potential extinctions due to inefficient allocation of limited resources. El Efecto de la Aversión de Riesgo sobre la Priorización de Proyectos de Conservación     

发展竹胶模板支援三峡工程建设促进库区经济发展

根据三峡工程建设中需要耗费大量木材的事实，结合三峡库区自然资源实际，着重探讨了开发新型竹胶台板代替木质模板，支援三峡工程建设，同时带动库区发展竹木种植及竹材深加工业，具体落实开发性移民方针的思路和对策。     

三峡工程对武湖地区生态环境影响及其对策

以实地考察和水文资料分析结果为依据，阐述了三峡工程对武湖地区防洪，春旱时灌溉和航运带来的有利影响，及枯季１～５月排水所产生的不利影响。建议加强湖区水利建设，提高电排能力；将地面高程１８Ｍ以下耕地退田还湖，以提高湖泊调蓄功能。     

三峡工程疑虑评析

长江三峡工程有利、有弊。利,是巨大的;弊,也是深远的。特别是对生态环境方面的影响。本着对人民负责和对子孙后代负责的精神,必须对不利影响予以高度重视,采取得力措施将其降低到最小程度。     

滤筒式除尘器工作原理与工程实践

介绍了利用改进滤筒、增加导流装置等一系列技术措施 ,提高滤筒式除尘器的性能 ,使之应用于轻烧石灰除尘系统。实践表明 ,设备运行稳定 ,效果良好。     

“西电东送”贵州火电项目对区域PM10污染的影响

以贵州省为中心的"西电东送"南部通道(20°N～33°N,97°E～118°E)为研究区域,分别对该区域2004(现状年)和2010年(规划年)的PM10污染情况进行模拟和预测.分析了该区域现状年与规划年2个时段的PM10污染空间分布特征,对比了原生和次生PM10的贡献,指出造成该区域PM10污染的主要原因.结果表明:研究区域内PM10污染主要由次生PM10造成,而次生PM10主要是由二氧化硫反应生成的硫酸盐颗粒物.因此,对于贵州火电规划项目而言,减轻区域PM10污染须减排二氧化硫.     

Political benefits as barriers to assessment of environmental costs in Brazil's Amazonian development planning: The example of the Jatapu Dam in Roraima

Development projects are rapidly changing the landscape in Brazilian Amazonia. Environmental impact assessments have been required since 1986, and the regulatory system is evolving as precedents are set by each new development project. The Jatapu Dam in Roraima provides an illustration of underlying impediments to assessment of environmental costs and to due consideration being given to these assessments when decisions are made. The high priority placed on the dam by the Roraima state government is unexplainable in terms of economic returns. The place of the dam in a long-term political strategy provides the best of several possible explanations, any one of which is incompatible with a rational weighing of economic and environmental costs and benefits. A number of lessons can be drawn from the experience of Jatapu, but some of the problems have no solution. The barriers to rational decision making illustrated by Jatapu apply to development projects in many parts of the world.     

贵州省洪家渡电站K40溶洞封堵处理方法分析

本文对贵州省洪家渡电站K40溶洞封堵处理设计与施工进行了分析,并提出了岩溶地区复杂地质条件的处理方法。即在查清地质条件的基础上,采用分区处理,多种工程手段相结合的措施。     

在中国环境投资体制现状下推行环境基金的构想

在分析中国现行环境投资体制的现状基础上，结合OECD^[1]和过渡经济国家^[2]的成功经验，以及国内地方型环境基金实施情况，从环境信贷和投资的角度提出了推行环境基金的一般框架构想，并提出了环境基金运作的一般流程，分析了环境基金自身的实施运作过程以及与各相关利益主体的关系；在此基础上提出了相应项目周期管理方案。