模糊识别在水质综合评价中的应用

应用模糊数学方法对水质进行综合评价,其关键问题是如何合理地确定各评价指标的权重．将最优权法引入模糊评价以确定各评价指标的权系数．通过求解权向量的最优解来确定各指标权重,可避免确定评价指标权重的主观任意性,增加评价结果的分辨性．实例计算与结果对比表明,该方法克服了各指标的权系数随实测样本的不同而变化和评价结果分辨性差的缺点,提高了模型的通用性和评价结果的可比性,同时也简化了多次重复确定权系数的工作量．     

危险废物处理处置技术评价方法研究

在对不同危险废物处理处置技术评价方法适用性进行分析的基础上,对危险废物处理处置技术评价方法进行了系统研究.结果发现专家评价法和环境技术评价(EnTA)法以定性评价为主,简单易行,应用范围广泛;生命周期评价(LCA)法以定量为主,但由于数据采集困难,目前在应用上还面临很多困难;层次分析(AHP)法把定性与定量评价融合得比较好,对于解决危险废物处理处置技术的选择问题行之有效.     

沈阳市蔬菜生产基地重金属污染及评价

通过对沈阳市东陵区和于洪区的蔬菜生产基地的重金属污染调查与评价 ,表明两个地区均受到Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn四种重金属不同程度的污染 ,于洪区偏于中度、重度污染 ,东陵区大部分处于轻污染级。另外 ,土壤中的重金属Cu、Pb、Cd有明显的逐年增加趋势 ,而且蔬菜大棚内土壤中的Pb、Cd含量明显高于棚外。     

环境监测人员培训效果评价的研究

为提高环境监测站人员培训质量,提升人员开发的水平,培训效果评价作为培训管理的重要环节,是培训活动长期有效开展的重要保证措施.就环境监测站人员培训效果评价的目的及意义、评价内容、评价的标准和方法等方面进行了探讨.     

Effectiveness evaluation of water-sprinkling in controlling urban fugitive road dust based on TRAKER method: A case study in Baoding, China

Fugitive road dust (FRD) contributes a great deal to urban rainwater and air pollution and is commonly controlled by water-sprinkling in most Chinese cities. However, there is a lack of information on its effectiveness. We used the Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads (TRAKER) method to monitor different types of roads in Baoding city before and within 1 hr after water-sprinkling and obtained the road dirtiness index (a) and PM concentration in the road environment ($T_{\mathrm{T}}^{*}$), to evaluate the removal efficiency for PM deposited on the road surface (${\eta }_a$) and the reduction efficiency for the PM concentration in the road environment (${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$). The results give that the ${\eta }_a$ for three types of roads is ranked: branch road (87%-–100%) > major arterial road (80%-83%) > minor arterial road (68%-77%), and the ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ ranked: minor arterial road (70%) > branch road (46%-58%) > major arterial road (37%-53%). The ${\eta }_a$ and ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ varied non-linearly with time and presented a quadratic curve. The average effective control time (${\eta }_{\mathit{a}}$> 0) was 62 min on the major and minor arterial roads, and much longer than 1 hr on branch roads. The ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ values diminished completely by 72 min on average from the end of sprinkling for the three types of roads. Water-sprinkling can remove PM₁₀ particles from the road surface and reduce their concentration in the road environment more thoroughly than PM_2.5. Our findings could be helpful for controlling urban FRD emissions more efficiently and precisely.     

湖泊水质富营养化评价的多准则神经网络法

提出了基于误差平方和准则与模糊熵准则下的多准则神经网络湖泊水质营养化评价模型，并将其应用于我国五大湖泊水质营养化的评价。结果表明，多准则神经网络用于湖泊水质营养化评价，具有简便，实用，客观和广泛的通用性     

湖泊水质富营养化评价的模糊神经网络方法

为了探索人工神经网络用于湖泊营养化评价的可能性,提出了基于多准则学习的模糊神经网络湖泊水质营养化评价模型。该模型应用于我国五大主要湖泊水质营养化的评价结果表明,模糊神经网络用于湖泊水质营养化评价,具有简便、实用、客观性和广泛的通用性。      

辽宁省大型底栖无脊椎动物耐污值及水质评价

根据采自辽宁省河流、水库、湖泊及河口湿地水体的209个大型底栖无脊椎动物样本,以及文献记载数据,依据其系统发育、亲缘关系和相同栖息地环境等进行推算,确定了辽宁省大型底栖无脊椎动物耐污值332个。利用上述耐污值并结合BI指数法对辽河、浑河、太子河流域内20个采样点所获得的大型底栖无脊椎动物监测数据进行分析与评价,结果显示各河流上游段水质良好,中下游河段水质较差。     

A framework for evaluating flood risk governance

Calls to strengthen flood risk governance are echoed across Europe amidst a growing consensus that floods will increase in the future. Accompanying the pursuit of societal resilience, other normative agendas relating legitimacy (e.g. accountability and public participation), and resource efficiency, have become attached to discussions concerning flood risk governance. Whilst these represent goals against which ‘success’ is socially and politically judged, lacking from the literature is a coherent framework to operationalise these concepts and evaluate the degree to which these are achieved. Drawing from cross-disciplinary and cross-country research conducted within the EU project STAR-FLOOD, this paper presents a framework for evaluating the extent to which flood risk governance arrangements support societal resilience, and demonstrate efficiency and legitimacy. Through empirical research in England, this paper critically reflects on the value of this approach in terms of identifying entry points to strengthen governance in the pursuit of these goals.     

应对大型油罐特大火灾的研究——LASTFIRE项目组简介

简要介绍了LASTFIRE项目组的成立背景、组织结构、研究领域、研究目的、研究思路、研究进展等内容,总结了该项目组近几年的研究成果,指出我国的相关企业或研究机构应积极参与这种国际研究组织,实现研究国外资源共享,共同提高大型储罐的安全技术和管理水平。