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461.
462.
Rosario Vidal Pilar Martínez Elena Mulet Rosa González Belinda López-Mesa Paul Fowler J. M. Fang 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2007,15(3):159-168
Multilayer films exhibit excellent properties for food packaging. However, existing products are not biodegradable. Conventional
plastics, manufactured from fossil fuels, not only consume non-renewable and finite resources, but also impact heavily on
waste disposal. For this reason, a new multilayer film has been developed in the Multibio Project for the production of food
packaging. In this paper, the environmental impacts of the new biodegradable multilayer film—based on modified starch and
polylactic acid (PLA)—and those of the conventional multilayer film—based on PP and PA6—are quantified in the categories of
climate change, fossil fuel depletion, acidification and eutrophication. Conventional multilayer film has a 90% higher impact
than the Multibio multilayer film. The main difference between the LCA presented and the cited literature is the inventory
data obtained in the phase of polymer processing to obtain multilayer film, and the assessment of the disposal phase of the
multilayer film wastes. 相似文献
463.
Characterization of Biodegradable Composite Films Prepared from Blends of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol), Cornstarch,and Lignocellulosic Fiber 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
S.?H.?ImamEmail author P.?Cinelli S.?H.?Gordon E.?Chiellini 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2005,13(1):47-55
Several composite blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and lignocellulosic fibers were prepared and characterized. Cohesive and flexible cast films were obtained by blending lignocellulosic fibers derived from orange waste and PVA with or without cornstarch. Films were evaluated for their thermal stability, water permeability and biodegradation properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the suitability of formulations for melt processing, and for application as mulch films in fields at much higher temperatures. Composite films were permeable to water, but at the same time able to maintain consistency and composition upon drying. Chemical crosslinking of starch, fiber and PVA, all hydroxyl functionalized polymers, by hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM) improved water resistance in films. Films generally biodegraded within 30 days in soil, achieving between 50–80% mineralization. Both starch and lignocellulosic fiber degraded much more rapidly than PVA. Interestingly, addition of fiber to formulations enhanced the PVA degradation. 相似文献
464.
Sustainable Bio-Composites from Renewable Resources: Opportunities and Challenges in the Green Materials World 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
Sustainability, industrial ecology, eco-efficiency, and green chemistry are guiding the development of the next generation of materials, products, and processes. Biodegradable plastics and bio-based polymer products based on annually renewable agricultural and biomass feedstock can form the basis for a portfolio of sustainable, eco-efficient products that can compete and capture markets currently dominated by products based exclusively on petroleum feedstock. Natural/Biofiber composites (Bio-Composites) are emerging as a viable alternative to glass fiber reinforced composites especially in automotive and building product applications. The combination of biofibers such as kenaf, hemp, flax, jute, henequen, pineapple leaf fiber, and sisal with polymer matrices from both nonrenewable and renewable resources to produce composite materials that are competitive with synthetic composites requires special attention, i.e., biofiber–matrix interface and novel processing. Natural fiber–reinforced polypropylene composites have attained commercial attraction in automotive industries. Natural fiber—polypropylene or natural fiber—polyester composites are not sufficiently eco-friendly because of the petroleum-based source and the nonbiodegradable nature of the polymer matrix. Using natural fibers with polymers based on renewable resources will allow many environmental issues to be solved. By embedding biofibers with renewable resource–based biopolymers such as cellulosic plastics; polylactides; starch plastics; polyhydroxyalkanoates (bacterial polyesters); and soy-based plastics, the so-called green bio-composites are continuously being developed. 相似文献
465.
466.
D. Briassoulis 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2004,12(2):65-81
The mechanical behavior of various types of biodegradable materials depends, mainly, on their chemical composition and the application conditions. Various additives are added into the bioblends to improve their properties, which sometimes even reach the levels of the conventional plastics. It is well known that the environmental conditions during production, storage, and usage of these materials influence their mechanical properties. Ageing during the useful lifetime also causes great losses in the elongation. In the present paper, the overall mechanical behavior of biodegradable films, which may be considered suitable for agricultural applications, but also of partially biodegradable films, is reviewed and analyzed. Selected critical mechanical properties of films before their exposure to biodegradation are investigated and compared against those of conventional agricultural films. 相似文献
467.
介绍东深供水工程生化预处理挂膜启动过程中,氨氮,CODMn去除效果和填料上生物膜变化的特点。根据氨氮去除(≥50.0%),生物膜形状,生物膜上动物种类和数量可判断挂膜启动过程是否完成。本试验挂膜启动25天,比小型试验增加了10天左右,气温低是该工程挂膜启动过程时间延长的主要原因。 相似文献
469.
溶胶-凝胶工艺制备掺铅TiO_2纳米薄膜及其光催化性能的研究 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
通过sol-gel工艺在玻璃表面制得了均匀透明的掺铅和未掺铅TiO2纳米薄膜;在宏观上,膜层表面光滑平整;在微观上,TiO2薄膜由TiO2球形颗粒组成,其颗粒大小在50~150nm范围内。掺铅TiO2镀膜玻璃在紫外光附近的透光率明显小于未掺铅TiO2镀膜玻璃的透光率,这说明掺铅TiO2镀膜玻璃对紫外光具有明显的吸收。敌敌畏水溶液的光摧化降解实验表明,掺铅TiO2镀膜玻璃对有机磷农药的光解率明显高于未掺铅TiO2镀膜玻璃的光解率。这为进一步提高TiO2的光催化效率开辟了新的途径。 相似文献
470.
采用聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备得到了黄原酸酯。将其用于含铜废水的处理。实验结果表明泡沫黄原酸酯的用量、处理体系的pH、搅拌时间和沉降时间是影响铜离子去除效果的重要因素。经过聚氨酯泡沫黄原酸酯处理的含铜废水能够达到排放标准的要求。 相似文献