BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF BLUEGILL ACTIVITY1

ABSTRACT: Bluegills were exposed for one hour to 0.2 or 2.3 mg/liter water soluble fraction (WSF) of JP-4 in a testing chamber designed to contain individual fish. A strain gage paddle was used to monitor activity. Whole body movement of individual fish did not change appreciably during exposure to either 0.2 or 2.3 mg/liter WSF-JP-4. Strength of pectoral fin movement, accounting for the majority of the fish behavior, increased in six of ten individuals exposed to 2.3 mg/liter WSF-JP-4. Pectoral fanning may be a useful parameter to indirectly assess water quality.     

苹果茎沟病毒对梨树幼苗生长及过氧化物酶活性的影响

Based on growth level and peroxidase activity, a comparative study and paried-samples t test were made between vires-free Zaosu pear seedlings and the seedlings inoculated with apple stem grooving virus(ASGV). The results showed : ( 1 )virus-free Zaosu pear seedlings grew better than inoculated ones. Of the seedlings the height, diameter, branches and autumn braches differed statistically significantly; (2)the peroxidase activity of inoculated seedlings was higher than that of virus-free ones, and the peak of peroxidase activity occurred on about d 7 and d 24 after inoculation. Fig 1, Tab 1, Ref 9     

废水处理系统中酯酶的活性及其作用特性

文章对兼氧-好氧染料废水生物处理系统中微生物酯酶的活性及其作用特性作了较深入的研究。试验结果表明,酯酶在兼氧和好氧池中的平均活性分别达0.482μmo·lh·g-1和0.408μmo·lh·g-1。酯酶活性同废水的COD和色度去除率之间存在很好的相关性。在pH值为8,温度为60℃条件下,兼氧和好氧池中的酯酶活性最高。较低的染料浓度有利于提高系统中酯酶的活性,超过一定浓度酯酶活性降低。染料助剂EDTA和氯化锌对兼氧池中酯酶活性的抑制作用明显,而好氧池中酯酶活性几乎不受这些助剂的影响。     

汉阳两湖泊底泥酶活性和脂肪酸垂直分布特征

酶活性和脂肪酸是富营养化湖泊底泥重要的生化指标。研究以武汉市汉阳地区两个湖泊为对象,测定了其中的酶活性(比色法)和脂肪酸(温和碱性甲酯化方法)。结果表明:酸性磷酸酶活性在表层和亚表层没有显著性差异(p0.05),而脲酶表层酶活性显著高于亚表层,甚至在有些位点差异极显著(p0.0005);饱和直链脂肪酸(碳原子数19)占总脂肪酸比例为40.40%～47.85%,多不饱和脂肪酸比例为18.21%～25.08%,表层和亚表层之间差异不明显(p0.05);单不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸比例为19.60%～29.31%,饱和直链脂肪酸(碳原子数19)占总脂肪酸比例为6.47%～14.28%,表层和亚表层之间差异显著(p0.05)。碳原子数≥C24的长链脂肪酸比例很低,为1.57%～3.60%。上述研究结果在一定程度上获得了富营养化浅水湖泊底泥中酶活性和脂肪酸在垂直空间上的分布特征。     

Estrogenic activities of two synthetic pyrethroids and their metabolites

Synthetic pyrethroids(SPs) are among the most common pesticides in current use,and so far,several SPs have been assessed for their potential estrogenicities by various methods.Previous studies have shown that the estrogenicities partly come from their metabolites.Although considerable information is available with respect to the metabolism and environmental degradation of SPs,little is known about the estrogenicities of the metabolites.In this study,permethrin(PM) and β-cypermethrin(CP),as well as their metabolites(3-phenoxybenzoic alcohol(PBCOH),3-phenoxybenzaldehyde(PBCHO) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid(PBCOOH) were evaluated for their estrogenic activities in the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line.In the MCF-7 cell proliferation assay,PM and CP exhibited significant estrogenic activities at 10-7 mol/L,comparable to 17β-estradiol(E2 ) of 10-9 mol/L,with the relative proliferative effect ratios of 55.4% and 56.3%,respectively.The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) results confirmed the estrogenicities of PM and CP with significant alteration of pS2 and ERα mRNA levels observed at 10-6 mol/L.For the three major metabolites,PBCOH and PBCOOH exhibited estrogenic activities in all assays,while no significant estrogenic responses was observed for PBCHO compared to the vehicle control.In particular,PBCOH had even slightly stronger estrogenic activity than its parent compounds,indicating that metabolism may be one of the reasons for the estrogenicities of the SPs.Given the widespread use of SPs,the toxicological effects of parent compounds and their metabolites should be taken into consideration in the risk assessment of SPs.     

添加硫酸根对燃煤电厂V2O5基脱硝催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法分别制得活性物质V2O5的含量均为1%和SO2-4的含量不同的催化剂,并通过实验研究了添加SO-24对燃煤电厂SCR法脱硝技术中V2O5基催化剂活性和热稳定性的影响.在固定床反应器上,在NH3/NOx物质的量比为1.0和模拟烟气流量为72 L·h-1条件下,对几种催化剂的活性进行了测试,结果显示,当负载加入5.01%的SO2-4或使用含有8.91%的SO-24载体制备催化剂时,催化剂的活性提高最为显著;在TGA 92热重.差热分析仪上对这两种催化剂进行了热重实验,结果表明,添加的硫酸根对催化剂的热稳定性也有一定提高,且不会影响电厂SCR催化剂的使用.     

东京大学“环境三四郎”的活动特点及启示

东京大学“环境三四郎”是以探讨环境问题为主题的大学生组织。作者通过参与该组织的各项活动,结合调研其成立十七年以来的活动轨迹,分析总结各时期的活动特点后发现,不断创新,积极进取的组织活动模式是“环境三四郎”发展壮大的原动力,也是树立良好社会形象的基础。它们的做法及经验,值得我国高校学生组织学习和借鉴。     

松花江及哈尔滨市饮用水雌激素活性的调查与分析

利用固相萃取/酵母双杂交法调查了哈尔滨市饮用水及周边松花江水的雌激素活性.结果表明,松花江哈尔滨段江水在夏秋两季的雌激素活性［以雌二醇当量（EEQs）计］为528～965 pg·L^-1,其中上游水源地水雌激素活性水平较高.自来水厂对雌激素活性的去除率为34.6%～50.5%,整个水处理工艺并不能有效去除源水中的雌激素类物质,致使出厂水仍具有298～718 pg·L^-1的雌激素活性;自来水厂所采用的3种净水工艺中以混凝沉淀工艺对雌激素活性的去除最为稳定,去除率为11.4%～26.1%,占总去除的32.9%～69.0%,而砂滤与氯消毒工艺出水不稳定,雌激素活性有时较进水有升高现象发生.此外,由于管网配送过程中产生了二次污染,致使管网水雌激素活性较出厂水最高可升高44.9%.7次取样测得哈尔滨市管网水的雌激素活性为347～1 362 pg·L^-1,均值为738 pg·L^-1.     

Pharmacological analysis of feeding in a caterpillar: different transduction pathways for umami and saccharin?

Neonate larvae of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), modify their behavior in the presence of saccharin, monosodium glutamate (MSG), or L(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (L-AP4) by commencing their feeding earlier. Previously published pharmacological analysis demonstrated that phagostimulatory effects of MSG and L-AP4 (which elicit umami taste sensation in humans) are reversed by adenylate cyclase activator and phosphodiesterase inhibitor. In this study, by measuring the time needed to start ingestion of foliage treated with mixtures of phagostimulants and signal transduction modulators, we show that phagostimulatory effects of l-aspartate (the third hallmark umami substance) are also abolished by both adenylate cyclase activator and phosphodiesterase inhibitor, but not by phospholipase C inhibitor. However, stimulatory effects of hemicalcium saccharin were affected only by phospholipase C inhibitor. The results suggest that codling moth neonates use different transduction pathways for perception of hemicalcium saccharin and umami.     

纳米TiO_2的溶胶-微波法合成及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸四正丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法、溶胶-水热法及溶胶-微波法三种方法合成出纳米TiO2,借助XRD、UV-Vis吸收光谱等测试手段对其进行了表征,并以甲基橙为模型污染物,考察了样品的光催化性能。物相分析表明,所得样品均为锐钛矿相TiO2,与其它两种方法相比,溶胶-微波法合成的样品衍射峰明显宽化,强度明显降低,说明该法合成出纳米TiO2粒径较小;UV-Vis吸收光谱表明,溶胶-微波法合成的样品在可见光区和紫外光区对光均呈现更强的吸收,说明该法合成的粉末对光具有更高的利用率。光催化实验表明,溶胶-微波法合成样品的光催化活性高于另两种方法,紫外灯连续照射5h,甲基橙溶液脱色率为99.06%。此外,将该样品用于延安卷烟厂蒸叶车间废水的光催化氧化处理,效果较好,太阳光照射3d后COD去除率为77.4%。