现代统计信息分析在安全工程方面的应用——卡尔曼滤波器基本知识

卡尔曼滤波器是现代控制理论中的一种最优理论,其目的是从大量偶然干扰中筛取主导因素,以对事物变化规律作出正确的估计。介绍了卡尔曼滤波器的基本思路及原理,以及在安全工程中使用卡尔曼滤波器时应注意的问题。     

气体生物滴滤池载体性能比较实验研究

通过动态条件挂膜和静态降解曲线比较对丝网、ＡＣＯＦ、聚乙烯多面小球、炉渣等介质作为气体生物滴滤池生物载体材料的性能进行了研究．实验结果表明,４种材料都可用作生物载体材料,各材料的挂膜量比为：丝网ｖＡＣＯＦｖ多面小球ｖ炉渣＝ ７．１４ｖ９．５２ｖ２．０５ｖ１,半降解时间比大致为：丝网ｖＡＣＯＦｖ多面小球ｖ炉渣＝ ０．４３ｖ０．５ｖ０．７ｖ１,网状结构的丝网和ＡＣＯＦ挂膜量大、降解效果好,比表面积大的多面小球次之,炉渣最差．实验还表明：４种挂膜载体在闲置一段时间后,具一定吸附性能的ＡＣＯＦ的降解性能缓冲、恢复效果最佳,短时间的闲置（如２４ｈ）对挂膜载体降解性能损害不明显     

Prairie strips reduce fecal indicator bacteria concentrations in simulated runoff

Vegetative filter strips (VFS) have shown promising results in reducing the downstream transport of many agroecosystem contaminants. A recently developed type of VFS, prairie strips, has been shown to significantly reduce the impact of corn and soybean production systems on water quality in terms of sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus losses. This study assessed potential additional benefits of prairie strips to include the reduction of pathogens. To assess the impact of prairie strips on manure-laden agricultural runoff, we utilized a physical model of prairie strips in a laboratory flume to conduct highly controlled overland flow experiments. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus concentration reductions of up to 45% and 65% were observed for runoff and infiltration flows, respectively, while mass load reductions of up to 65% were observed for surficial runoff flows. The degree of concentration or mass load reductions was dependent on the residence time of the flow within the strip and the partitioning of overland flow running onto the strip to infiltration and runoff flows. Based on our results and a review of the literature, we developed a design method to provide guidance on the width of prairie strip buffer needed to achieve a user-defined reduction of fecal bacteria concentration.     

新型丝网填料滴滤器净化含苯废气的实验研究

实验研究了新型丝网填料滴滤器净化含苯废气的性能。研究表明该生物滴滤器能够有效的净化含苯废气 ,在入口负荷小于 6 0mg·L-1·h-1时 ,平均净化效率在 90 %以上。当进口负荷提高时 ,消除能力也逐渐提高 ,但净化效率有所下降 ,将进口负荷控制在 30～ 6 0mg·L-1·h-1之间 ,即可以达到高的净化效率 ,又可保持较高的消除能力。苯的净化效率随进气量增加而下降 ,对于净化高浓度苯废气 ,10～ 2 0m/h的气速是比较合适的。不锈钢丝网填料对循环液分布均匀性有较高要求 ,特别在生物膜的形成阶段。当喷淋系统不能保证布液均匀时 ,可采用阶梯环等化工填料作为最初的液体分配层。     

扩展流好气滤池反冲洗机理与试验分析

采用对照研究的方法对扩展流好气滤池反冲洗方式进行选择。结果表明 ,脉冲反冲洗方式以其高效、低耗的特点明显优于气水连续反冲洗方式 ,并遵循好气滤池反冲洗的要求。扩展流好气滤池脉冲反冲洗的最佳运行参数确定为 :气冲强度 8～ 10 L/( s·m2 ) ;水冲强度 2～ 4L/( s·m2 ) ;反冲时间 5 min。     

曝气生物滤池处理医院污水的实验应用研究

采用曝气生物滤池与二氧化氯相结合的工艺处理医院污水。主要对曝气生物滤池去除COD、氨氮的效果进行了研究,并且在实际应用中证明了用这种相结合的处理方法具有一次投资小、运行费用低、年经济效益高等优点,有良好的技术经济性。     

粪大肠菌群快速测定——纸片法的应用

采集苏州具有代表性的地表水水体22个点位的样品,进行粪大肠菌群的测定方法比较,结果表明,《粪大肠菌群快速测定--纸片法》适于测定受粪便污染程度较轻的湖泊水体.但是,该方法的培养时间对阳性管率有明显影响,认为16 h～18 h是比较理想的培养时间.     

试验呼吸性粉尘及防尘滤料性能研究

介绍了呼吸性粉尘的概念,试验粉尘的基本要求,研究了试验呼吸性粉尘的制备方法,并对研制的滤料阻尘效果进行了测试分析.     

曝气生物滤池在大港油田污水处理中的应用

介绍了曝气生物滤池（BAF）在大港油田港东污水处理厂的应用,分析了污水处理系统试运中水质不稳的原因。通过调整运行参数。使污水处理系统出水水质达到COD〈55mg／l,氧氯〈10mg／l,浊度〈40NTU,满足超滤系统进水水质标准。     

The Effects of Local Cooling on Thermophysiological Response in Participants Wearing Dust-Free Garments

This study was designed to find the effects of two kinds of dust-free garments with (A) and without (B) frozen gel strip (FGS), and half-naked clothing (brassiere and shorts; C) on thermophysiological parameters and on temperature and humidity within clothing. The heart rate, rectal, and skin temperatures as well as sweat rate and clothing microclimate were measured during 140 min in 9 healthy females. Inquiries were also made into the subjective rating of thermal, humidity, and comfort sensations. The main findings in our experiments are as follows: (a) Physiological parameters such as rectal and skin temperatures (chest and forehead), heart rate, and sweat rate were clearly lowest in garb C, intermediate in garb A, and highest in garb B throughout the experiment; (b) Temperature and humidity within clothing were lower in garb A than in garb B; (c) More than half of the 9 participants decreased thermal sensation by wearing garb A. These results suggest that the usage of FGS could improve the heat load in lightly working participants wearing dust-free garments.