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121.
122.
Abstract The sorption and desorption characteristics of four herbicides (diuron, fluometuron, prometryn and pyrithiobac‐sodium) in three different cotton growing soils of Australia was investigated. Kinetics and equilibrium sorption and desorption isotherms were determined using the batch equilibrium technique. Sorption was rapid (> 80% in 2 h) and sorption equilibrium was achieved within a short period of time (ca 4 h) for all herbicides. Sorption isotherms of the four herbicides were described by Freundlich equation with an r2 value > 0.98. The herbicide sorption as measured by the distribution coefficient (Kd) values ranged from 3.24 to 5.71 L/kg for diuron, 0.44 to 1.13 L/kg for fluometuron, 1.78 to 6.04 L/kg for prometryn and 0.22 to 0.59 L/kg for pyrithiobac‐sodium. Sorption of herbicides was higher in the Moree soil than in Narrabri and Wee Waa soils. When the Kd values were normalised to organic carbon content of the soils (KoC), it suggested that the affinity of the herbicides to the organic carbon increased in the order: pyrithiobac‐sodium < fluometuron < prometryn < diuron. The desorption isotherms were also adequately described by the Freundlich equation. For desorption, all herbicides exhibited hysteresis and the hysteresis was stronger for highly sorbed herbicides (diuron and prometryn) than the weakly sorbed herbicides (fluometuron and pyrithiobac‐sodium). Hysteresis was also quantified as the percentage of sorbed herbicides which is not released during the desorption step ω = [nad / nde ‐1] x 100). Soil type and initial concentration had significant effect on ω. The effect of sorption and desorption properties of these four herbicides on the off‐site transport to contaminate surface and groundwater are also discussed in this paper. 相似文献
123.
Liquid household hazardous wastes in the United States: Identification,disposal, and management plan
David K. Robertson Jude Akagha Jon Belasco Jane Bullis Gloria Byrne Joan Di Patria Wayne Fisher James Fonzino Jeffrey Hsu Lucy Merchan David Oster Jon Rosenberg Sabine Von Aulock Barry Vroeginday 《Environmental management》1987,11(6):735-742
Present methods of disposal of today's hazardous household chemicals in the United States are frequently not acceptable because of pathways to groundwater, surface water, and the atmosphere. This report identifies potentially hazardous liquid waste in the household, notes current disposal practices, and recommends an improved management plan that utilizes consumer education, manufacturer cooperation, and governmental intervention. Laws requiring uniform disposal labeling on packaging are critical. Local, county, and state governments must be encouraged to coordinate the necessary infrastructure. Managing hazardous household wastes now will mitigate potential disposal problems. 相似文献
124.
The objective of the project was to identify all hazardous waste sites in Burlington County, New Jersey that could be detected on existing, medium-scale aerial photographs of the county. The complete set of over 1000 black- and-white stereopairs at a scale of 1:12,000 was carefully examined for initial identification of possible sites. All suspicious sites were examined again on color transparencies of the county at the same 1:12,000 scale. Out of the 1094 black- and-white photos, 250 required further checking on color transparencies using a zoom stereoscope. This examination resulted in a final identification of 67 sites, the locations of which were delineated on 1:24,000 USGS maps. The use of air photo interpretation techniques provided an effective procedure for identifying waste sites quickly as well as providing a useful demonstration program for county and state officials. 相似文献
125.
电解法处理高含硫气田水 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文详细介绍了川南矿区含硫气田水电解法处理的试验情况,用自己研制的电解反应器对电解时间、pH值、电流密度等工艺条件进行了考察,提出了电解法处理含S~(2-)200mg/L的气田水的最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明:该方法是成功的,它可以使气田水中硫化物的脱除率达99%以上,达到国家排放标准(GB8978—88:S~(2-)<5mg/L)。该方法的主要特点是投加处理药剂少,操作简便,设备小型,占地面积小,特别适用于产水量不大的井站使用。 相似文献
126.
An Experiment in Participative Environmental Decision Making 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Summary The paper presents a method of participatory decision-making involving the authorities at local level, experts and the public.
It studies how to solve the problems caused by the heterogeneity of the parties taking part in the decision-making process.
The method builds on mutual learning and consideration among the participants following a systematic approach led by a moderator.
The method was tested at a workshop simulating a real-life situation. The test case studied at the workshop was the problem
of identifying the best site for a low and intermediate level radioactive waste repository among three alternatives. The learning
phase was the Krško Nuclear Power Plant cooling problem. The results show that the participants were able to reach agreement
on the prioritisation of the alternatives and to end up with suprisingly complex and fully reasonable decision models. We
believe that this was achieved particularly due to the well defined procedure that guided the decision-making process, and
the ability of all participants to see the influence of their views on the decision model. 相似文献
127.
氧化铝赤泥堆场渗滤液污染的评价与防治 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
提出了氧化铝生产赤泥堆场的环境影响评价构架及生产阶段尽量减少下渗量的措施,有效地保护堆场区域地下水水环境。 相似文献
128.
城市生活垃圾综合处理前分选系统设计 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文以江油市城市生活垃圾处理厂为工程实例,介绍了垃圾前分选系统中的垃圾储料车间、行车与抓斗、垃圾上料机构、双层振动筛以及人工分选平台的工艺设计参数及设计依据,并在此基础上提出了该系统的改进建议. 相似文献
129.
130.
Stephen C. Newbold 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2002,38(2):341-353
ABSTRACT: This paper presents an optimization framework for prioritizing sites for wetlands restoration on a watershed or landscape scale. The framework is designed for analyzing the potential environmental impacts of alternative management strategies while accounting for economic constraints, thereby aiding decision makers in explicitly considering multiple management objectives. The modeling strategy consists of two phases. First, relationships between the configuration of land use types in a watershed and valued ecosystem services are specified mathematically. Second, those functions are incorporated into a spatial optimization model that allows comparisons of the expected environmental impacts and economic costs of management strategies that change the configuration of land use in the watershed. By way of a stylized example, this paper develops the general structure of the framework, presents simulation results based on two production functions for ecosystem services, and discusses the potential utility of the methodology for watershed management. 相似文献