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151.
Multibiomarker approach in fish to assess the impact of pollution in a large Brazilian river, Paraiba do Sul 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Linde-Arias AR Inácio AF Novo LA de Alburquerque C Moreira JC 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):974-979
This article examines the advantages of the use of biomarkers as environmental indicators by applying it to Paraiba do Sul watershed, one of the most important Brazilian water bodies, which is in a critical environmental situation. We use a multibiomarker approach in fish as an integrated strategy to assess the impact of pollution. It comprehends a general biomarker of fish health, the condition factor (CF), and specific biomarkers of contaminant exposure such as metallothionein (MT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and biliary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) metabolites. Our results revealed different effects in the fish from diverse locations with varying degrees of pollution. Furthermore, fish located just upstream of the water-treatment plant of the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro has shown to be affected by metals. This study indicates the usefulness of integrating a set of biomarkers to define the effects of anthropogenic inputs in aquatic bodies under complex polluted situations. 相似文献
152.
Poul Johansen Martin Munk Hansen Gert Asmund Palle Bo Nielsen 《Chemistry and Ecology》1991,5(1):35-55
In monitoring the impact of a lead-zinc mine in Greenland, species of fish, prawns, seaweed and mussels have been analysed for cadmium, copper, lead and zinc for several years. These metals have been released to the marine environment in significant amounts from the mining operation. 相似文献
153.
Mark Pyron 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1995,37(6):407-412
Neither size nor breeding color correlated with spawning success of male orangethroat darters, Etheostoma spectabile (Pisces, Percidae), under natural field conditions. When females were presented experimentally with a simultaneous choice they spent no more time in proximity to large than small males, and were subsequently no more likely to spawn with large than with small males. Females also displayed no preference for bright versus dull males. Males and females did not differ significantly in size. Etheostoma spectabile may lack sexual size dimorphism as a result of the lack of female choice for size and the ineffectiveness of male attempts to monopolize females, or selection may be for increased size of females. Males are not dwarfs because of sperm competition. Contest competition among males appeared to be important in initiating spawnings but many males obtained spawnings by participating in ongoing spawning events. Etheostoma spectabile is an example of a sexually dimorphic species with no evident female preference for male size or color. 相似文献
154.
J. Devereux Joslin 《Environmental management》1994,18(4):559-567
Concern about mercury pollution from atmospheric deposition has risen markedly in the last decade because of high levels of
mercury in freshwater fish from relatively pristine waters. Whereas high concentrations have been found principally in Canada,
the northern United States, and Scandinavia, they have also recently been observed throughout much of Florida. Recent surveys
of the Tennessee River system, however, have found no locations where fish levels exceed EPA guidelines for fish consumption.
This paper evaluates a number of factors that may cause certain regions in the northern hemisphere to experience unacceptable
fish mercury levels while other regions do not. Relevant regional differences include: (1) Waters of the Tennessee River system
are generally nonacidic (pH>6) and well buffered, whereas 16%, 22%, and 40% of the lakes in upper Midwest, Northeast, and
Florida, respectively, have acid-neutralizing capacities below 50 μeq/liter. Acidity correlates highly with fish mercury levels
in a number of lake surveys, and experimental manipulations of acidity have significantly raised fish mercury levels. (2)
The ratio of land area to water surface area in the Tennessee Valley averages about 30, whereas it is 15 in the upper Midwest
and 6 in Florida. Low ratios allow mercury in precipitation to be directly deposited to aquatic bodies, without an opportunity
for the mercury to be sequestered by terrestrial ecosystems. (3) Stream organic matter concentrations in Florida, the upper
Midwest, and Sweden are 2–10 times those in the Tennessee Valley. Mercury binds strongly to organic matter, and organic matter
transport in runoff is a major pathway by which mercury enters aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
155.
Use of man-made impoundment in mitigating acid mine drainage in the North Branch Potomac River 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The US Department of the Army, Baltimore District Corps of Engineers, oversees a long-term monitoring study to assess and
evaluate effects of the Jennings-Randolph reservoir on biota in the North Branch Potomac River. The reservoir was intended,
in part, to mitigate effects of acid mine drainage originating in upstream and headwater areas. The present study assessed
recovery of benthos and fish in this system, six years after completion of the reservoir. Higher pH and lower iron and sulfate
concentrations were observed upstream of the reservoir compared to preimpoundment conditions, suggesting better overall water
quality in the upper North Branch. Water quality improved slightly directly downstream of the reservoir. However, the reservoir
itself was poorly colonized by macrophytes and benthic organisms, and plankton composition suggested either metal toxicity
and/or nutrient limitation. One large tributary to the North Branch and the reservoir (Stony River) was shown to have high
(and possibly toxic) levels of manganese, iron, zinc, and aluminum due to subsurface coal mine drainage. Macroinvertebrate
diversity and number of taxa were higher in sites downstream of the reservoir in the present study. Compared with previous
years, the present study suggested relatively rapid recovery in the lower North Branch due to colonization from two major
unimpacted tributaries in this system: Savage River and South Branch Potomac. Abundance of certain mayfly species across sites
provided the most clear evidence of longitudinal gradients in water quality parameters and geomorphology. Fish data were consistent
with macroinvertebrate results, but site-to-site variation in species composition was greater. Data collected between 1982
and 1987 suggested that certain fish species have unsuccessfully attempted to colonize sites directly downstream of the reservoir
despite the more neutral pH water there. Our results show that recovery of biota in the North Branch Potomac was attributed
to decreased acid inputs from mining operations and dilution from the Savage River, which contributed better water quality.
Continued improvement of North Branch Potomac biota may not be expected unless additional mitigation attempts, either within
the reservoir or upstream, are undertaken. 相似文献
156.
157.
158.
黑龙滩水库网箱养鱼容量的探讨 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
探讨了黑龙滩水库网箱养鱼容量的计算公式及参数率定,确定出黑龙滩水库的网箱养鱼容量并计算出此容量下的养殖面积,投饵量以及总磷的负荷量与沉积量,最后对全水库大库放养量也进行了探讨,并阐述了如何既充分发挥水面养殖功能又保护水库水质的关系。 相似文献
159.
MacroinvertebrateassemblagesofsurfaceminewetlandsofSouthwestVirginia,USA¥DavidH.Jones;RobertB.Atkinson;JohnCairns,Jr.(Departm... 相似文献
160.
Laboratory experiments were carried out to study the influence of temperature (24, 28 and 30 °C) and pH (1–10) on organic mercury (CH3HgCl) transfer and accumulation in an experimental ecotoxicological model. We followed the evolution of CH3HgCl in a basic model (water+air) by varying temperature and pH. In a second step, we completed the model by adding sediment and fish. We added CH3HgCl to water at the beginning of each experiment which was repeated at least three times. Results demonstrated that mercury was released from methylmercury into the air regardless of water pH and its concentration in the air increased with increasing pH. By contrast, in presence of sediment, almost all the mercury was fixed onto the sediment and no mercury was traced in air or in water. Interestingly, in the presence of sediment, the life span of fish under methylmercury exposure lasted longer despite their higher mercury body level content at their death. These results indicate that water is a bad exposure indicator for aquatic pollution. In case of chronic pollution, sediments, fish and aquatic plants are more appropriate indicators. 相似文献