Effects of thermal radiation heat transfer on flame acceleration and transition to detonation in particle-cloud hydrogen flames

The current work examines regimes of the hydrogen–oxygen flame propagation and ignition of mixtures heated by radiation emitted from the flame. The gaseous phase is assumed to be transparent for the radiation, while the suspended particles of the dust cloud ahead of the flame absorb and reemit the radiation. The radiant heat absorbed by the particles is then lost by conduction to the surrounding unreacted gaseous phase so that the gas phase temperature lags that of the particles. The direct numerical simulations solve the full system of two phase gas dynamic time-dependent equations with a detailed chemical kinetics for a plane flames propagating through a dust cloud. It is shown that depending on the spatial distribution of the dispersed particles and on the value of radiation absorption length the consequence of the radiative preheating of the mixture ahead of the flame can be either the increase of the flame velocity for uniformly dispersed particles or ignition either new deflagration or detonation ahead of the original flame via the Zel'dovich gradient mechanism in the case of a layered particle-gas cloud deposits. In the latter case the ignited combustion regime depends on the radiation absorption length and correspondingly on the steepness of the formed temperature gradient in the preignition zone that can be treated independently of the primary flame. The impact of radiation heat transfer in a particle-laden flame is of paramount importance for better risk assessment and represents a route for understanding of dust explosion origin.     

金属网阻火器设计参数的优化选择

就不同的火焰速度，应采用合理的金属同参数进行了研究，得出了临界消焰速度和金属网形状系数（ｄ／Ｗ）以及金属同层数之间的实验式。提出了网与网之间的理想间隔，并研究出多层金属网的最佳故数。按照本文提出的有关论据，便可在设计金属网阻火器时，对有关参数进行优化选择。     

废塑料生产胶粘剂的研究

讨论了利用废塑料制取胶粘剂的方法，并叙述了该胶粘剂的配方选择、性能试验、主要特点和用途     

废旧塑料催化裂解制备汽油

介绍了由废旧塑料通过热裂解和催化裂解制备汽油的方法,着重介绍了由废旧塑料制得的重油经催化裂解获取汽油的反应装置,催化剂、反应条件,产物分析和可能的反应途径。     

Detection of a Toxic Product Released by a Polyurethane-Containing Film Using a Composting Test Method Based on a Mineral Bed

The degradation of a film containing a 4,4diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) poly(€-caprolactone)-based polyurethane was followed in a test system based on a mineral solid bed designed to facilitate analysis of break-down products released under composting conditions. The use of a mineral solid bed can help extraction and analytical procedures which could be hindered by the heterogeneous nature of compost. The fermentation conditions are typical of the composting environment and generate a powerfully degradative environment. The film fully disintegrated within 30 days of treatment. Analysis on the mineral bed extracts showed that: (i) about 40% of the initial polyurethane was still present in the bed extracts; (ii) this residue was strongly degraded in the poly(€-caprolactone) part, while the urethane part was almost completely recovered (from 80 to 95%, according to the measurement method); (iii) 4,4 diamino diphenyl methane (MDA), a very dangerous product of MDI, was released during biodegradation. The results indicate that a mineral bed can be employed to study degradation and metabolites formation in solid phase fermentation and that the MDI-based polyurethanes are not susceptible of a full degradation during composting and maintain the potential of a slow release of MDA into the environment after soil application.     

废旧塑料综合利用新方法——高炉喷吹废塑料技术

介绍了废旧塑料综合利用的新方法－高炉喷吹废料技术。通过比较，表明高喷吹废塑料技术在各方面均优于废旧塑料的其他处理方法；并简要对我国高炉喷吹废塑料作了可行性论证。     

废旧聚苯乙烯塑料的处理和利用

叙述了国内外废旧塑料处理和利用技术的发展现状 ,指出今后技术的发展方向应侧重于废旧塑料的收集和分离技术的研究开发 ,降低回收利用成本。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法检测矿区环境的常见重金属

在红河州某矿区周围的土壤、池塘、鱼塘采集若干土壤、水样品.用氢氟酸-高氯酸-浓硝酸消化土壤样品,用硝酸处理水样品.实验中,原子吸收分光光度法的平均相关系数≧0.99906;测定元素的相对标准差从0.27%～1.67%,其平均相对标准偏差为1.005%;样品的回收率在102,8%～111.5%之间,表明该法可用于环境中的土壤样品和水样品中重金属元素的准确测定.在仪器的最佳工作状态,使用FAAS法检测矿区环境中的铅(Pb)、铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)的含量;依此来发现矿区周围环境的重金属分布规律和周围环境的安全性.     

废塑料资源化新技术及其进展

随着社会的发展 ,人们对物质的要求日益增大 ,而自然资源和能源却日趋匮乏 ;另一方面 ,可再生利用的高分子材料的消耗所产生的废弃物也造成了严重的污染 ,威胁到人类的生存。有人提出废旧塑料的资源化是 2 1世纪全人类的重要课题。本文综述了国内外废旧塑料资源化新技术及其进展。     

森林大火中飞火行为的研究

从理论上分析了飞火的形成过程,建立了飞火形成及传播过程的理论模型,探讨了各种因素对飞火过程的影响,给出了用诺谟图估算飞火距离的方法。这些工作对森林火灾中飞火距离的估算具有重要的理论意义和实际意义。由于飞火形成过程的复杂性,以及模型建立过程中所进行的假定等因素,本文所提出的飞火估算模型仍有待于大量的林火实践进行修正。