A renewable waste material for the synthesis of a novel non-halogenated flame retardant polymer

The recognition of toxicity and environmental persistence of halogenated flame retardant (FR) materials has prompted the reduction in their usage across the globe. There is an immediate need for new types of non-toxic and effective FR produced preferably through sustainable routes. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a new polyphenolic FR material based on a renewable and biodegradable starting material, cardanol (a byproduct of cashew nut processing). Cardanol was polymerized in aqueous media using various types of oxidants. The thermal properties of the resulting polymers were investigated. Polycardanol synthesized using a specific type of oxidant exhibited good thermal stability and low heat release capacity. Preliminary results obtained from this study are quite promising and indicate the possibility of synthesizing new types of FR materials from bio-based phenols.     

爆炸性气体在连续拐弯管道中传播特性的实验研究

针对复杂燃气管网燃气爆炸致灾严重,传播规律复杂的问题,利用实验室加工成的连续拐弯管道,模拟研究了复杂燃气管网爆炸性气体通过连续拐弯管道时的火焰传播速度、爆炸波超压变化情况。研究结果表明,当整个管道内充满瓦斯气体时,通过连续拐弯后,火焰传播速度和爆炸波超压值产生显著变化,在连续拐弯管道拐弯处为一扰动源,诱导附加湍流,气流湍流度增大,管道拐弯增加了燃烧区的湍流度,火焰燃烧产生加速度,加速燃烧产生更大能量以推动加速传播。研究结果对指导现场如何防治复杂燃气管网气体爆炸,减轻爆炸的威力具有重要作用。     

S—P降解塑料耐水性能改善初探

本文探讨了交联剂甲醛、乙醛、乙二醛、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋对交联Ｓ－Ｐ膜耐水性能的影响。实验结果表明：经Ｆｅ＾２＋，乙二醛交联的Ｓ－Ｐ膜，其耐水性能优于其它膜。     

TBP-泡塑填料柱萃取回收铁钍渣浸出液中钍的研究

将ＴＢＰ固定在改性泡塑载体上，用于萃取回收铁钍渣硝酸浸出液中Ｔｈ４＋。试验表明：ＴＢＰ泡塑填料萃取分配比高，萃取容量大，当溶液硝酸浓度为４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，接触时间１０ｍｉｎ时，萃余液中Ｔｈ４＋浓度小于００１ｍｇ／Ｌ，反萃液中Ｔｈ３＋浓度达８４ｇ／Ｌ，Ｆｅ３＋和Ｃｅ３＋浓度小于０１ｍｇ／Ｌ，萃取容量为ＴＢＰ泡塑填料１ｇ可萃取Ｔｈ４＋０２８ｇ；ＴＢＰ泡塑填料化学性质稳定，分相容易，能有效防止乳化现象。     

TBP-泡塑填料柱萃取回收铁钍渣浸出液中钍的研究

将ＴＢＰ固定在改性泡塑载体上，用于萃取回收铁钍渣硝酸浸出液中Ｔｈ４＋。试验表明：ＴＢＰ泡塑填料萃取分配比高，萃取容量大，当溶液硝酸浓度为４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，接触时间１０ｍｉｎ时，萃余液中Ｔｈ４＋浓度小于００１ｍｇ／Ｌ，反萃液中Ｔｈ３＋浓度达８４ｇ／Ｌ，Ｆｅ３＋和Ｃｅ３＋浓度小于０１ｍｇ／Ｌ，萃取容量为ＴＢＰ泡塑填料１ｇ可萃取Ｔｈ４＋０２８ｇ；ＴＢＰ泡塑填料化学性质稳定，分相容易，能有效防止乳化现象。     

废弃塑料热降解及燃烧动力学试验研究

通过塑料的热降解现象试验，观察出塑料的热降解温度特性；通过废塑料燃烧过程的燃烧失重试验，计算出其燃烧动力学参数，分析塑料燃烧特性。结果表明：在高炉炉缸高温，富氧的环境中，废塑料能够得到迅速、充分的燃烧，可以部分代替焦碳和煤粉。     

弹药塑料包装材料自然环境老化现象研究

通过对某小口径弹药塑料包装箱材料在户外、棚下和库内暴露试验,分析研究环境对塑料的力学性能、微观形貌及红外光谱的影响,研究了塑料老化的机理。认为太阳光是影响塑料老化的主要原因,塑料包装箱不宜在户外无遮避贮存。拉萨站处于高原地区,空气稀薄,大气中少尘埃,阳光的紫外线特别强。因此塑料在拉萨地区的老化也特别严重,户外暴露2年后,塑料试样的冲击强度下降了41%。     

Seasonal variations of polybrominated flame retardants bound to car dust under Mediterranean climate

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) are commercial flame retardants that have been commonly used in vehicle interior to reduce fire-related hazards. Due to high temperatures and intense insolation that can be attained inside cars parked in the sun, additive PBDEs are prone to leach out and attach to in-vehicle dust, as well as to photo-debrominate. This study examines seasonal variations of concentrations of three common PBDE congeners(BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-209) in car dust in Israel. The overall concentrations of these BDEs ranged from 1 to 29 μg/g, and were higher in the summer than in the winter(average of 10.2 and5.3 μg/g, respectively). Congener-specific concentrations showed distinct seasonal pattern,representing the interplay between leaching, evaporation and photodebromination. Photolysis of the three congeners, while adsorbed on glass filters and exposed to solar radiation, revealed first order kinetics with debromination rates on the order of 10-2/min. Hence, seasonal variations of the meteorological conditions were found to affect the in-vehicle PBDE concentrations, and are therefore expected also to affect the exposure of passengers to PBDEs.     

基于改进火焰原子吸收光谱的土壤六价铬分析

针对分离和萃取环节,对火焰原子吸收光谱测定土壤中六价铬的方法加以改进。采用聚合氯化铝为絮凝剂、异戊醇为萃取剂,使三价铬和六价铬有效分离,并减少了测试干扰。考察了聚铝试剂用量和萃取液振荡时间对测定的影响,并将该方法与EPA 3060A方法和未改进的火焰原子吸收光谱法比较,表明改进后的方法能用于土壤中六价铬的测定。     

非溶剂型热介质法消泡回收聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料

回收利用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料可用不同的消泡减容方法。非溶剂型热介质法分别采用20%氯化钙水溶液作水性介质,液体石蜡和固体石蜡混合物作油性介质,消泡操作温度110℃～130℃,可减容30倍,回收物料密度达到0.9g/cm3,适于下游产品加工应用。