超燃冲压发动机凹腔内补氧的强化点火试验

在超燃冲压发动机扩张型燃烧室中,对凹腔内局部补氧的点火强化方法进行了试验研究。采用高速摄影手段研究了不同的补氧方式对凹腔内火焰分布特征和燃烧强度的影响,并针对并联双凹腔燃烧室构型,研究了在单侧凹腔补氧条件下向异侧凹腔的火焰传播过程。试验结果表明,采用凹腔内补氧的方式能调节凹腔内的燃料浓度分布、改善凹腔内的燃烧过程,控制燃烧放热强度;稳态燃烧情况下,观察到凹腔驻留火焰的两种存在特征,分别表现为:由回流区热量反馈机制作用下的凹腔局部驻留火焰和燃烧室全局压力反馈影响下的凹腔剪切层火焰。只有在单侧凹腔燃烧建立了全局压力反馈的条件下才能实现凹腔火焰的异侧传播。      

典型聚合物材料平行双板水平火蔓延规律研究

为了研究固体可燃物多火焰火蔓延规律及传热控制机理,开展了竖向水平排列的PMMA单一平板和平行双板火蔓延规律研究。基于水平火蔓延实验台,考虑平板尺寸、平行双板的竖直间距两个主要因素,分析此类条件下的火蔓延速度、火焰高度和火焰宽度等参数。实验研究发现,PMMA板水平火蔓延过程中,热解前锋呈V型,预热区长度随平板间距的增大先增大后减小。平行双板工况下,在研究考虑的间距范围内火焰始终保持合并,火蔓延速度、火焰高度及宽度明显大于单一平板,且均随间距的增加先增大后减小,三者峰值出现的位置与样件尺寸有关。上层PMMA板上下表面的辐射热流随间距的变化规律与火蔓延速度变化规律一致,因此推断辐射作用在平行双板水平火蔓延中起到主导作用。     

悬浮液进样FAAS法测定黄棕壤中的微量铜

本文采用悬浮进样火焰原子吸收光谱法测定黄棕壤中微量铜 ,并对样品的研磨时间、悬浮液浓度、酸度选择及校正方法等进行了探讨。实验表明 :该法的检出限 (K =3)为 0 .12μg· g-1,精密度 (RSD)为4.6 % ,加标回收率为 98～ 10 6 % ,对水系沉积物 GSD5、GSD6标准样品测定结果与推荐值吻合。     

悬浮液进样火焰原子吸收光谱法测定环境样品中钙、镁

将环境样品制成悬浮液，用空气／乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钙、镁、以三氯化镧、丙三醇和高氯酸为混合抗干扰剂，有效消除了环境样品中铅、磷、硫、硅等共存元素的干扰，其中丙三醇不仅是抗干扰剂，而且还起着稳定剂的作用，进一步简化了测定步骤，有效提高了分析速度。本文通过水溶液标准曲线校正，使测定更加方便。对测定结果与湿法消化法比较，具有较好的相关性。本法简便、快速、测定分析结果准确可靠。     

聚合物燃烧火焰辐射及其温度的估算

受限空间中，通风对于燃烧状况和火焰辐射特性有重要影响。本文根据火焰中炭颗粒的生成及其受通风的影响，提出了关于聚合物燃烧火焰辐射和平均辐射温度的估算方法。计算了几种典型聚合物的火焰辐射及其平均辐射温度，并讨论了通风、燃料组成、炭颗粒和燃烧尺度的影响，旨在加深认识通风条件对于火焰温度及其有关辐射特性的影响，为受限空间中燃烧过程的分析提供依据。     

Flame Retardation and Smoke Suppression of PVC

ＦｌａｍｅＲｅｔａｒｄａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＳｍｏｋｅＳｕｐｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆＰＶＣＷａｎｇＺｈｅｎｇｚｈｏｕ；Ｄ．Ｄ．Ｄｒｙｓｄａｌｅ（ＵｎｉｔｏｆＦｉｒｅＳａｆｅｔｙＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｓｉｔｙｏｆＥｄｉｎｂｕｒｇｈＥｄｉｎｂｕｒｇｈＥＨ...     

DMMP对二甲醚层流预混火焰的影响研究

二甲醚(DME)作为可再生的清洁燃料,因为其优越的性能而越来越受关注,但与此同时其燃烧的安全性却容易被忽视。自蒙特利尔议定书以后,含磷化合物成为抑制碳氢化合物火焰最理想的卤代烷替代物,选取甲基磷酸二甲酯(DMMP)应用于二甲醚火焰,基于分层结构首次构筑了DME/DMMP详细化学反应机理。通过模拟研究发现,DMMP对DME层流预混火焰表现出与碳氢火焰同样明显的抑制作用。进一步进行火焰抑制机理分析,结果显示DMMP对DME层流火焰的抑制主要是因为PO_2和HOPO的循环反应促进了H和OH重组,同时得出DMMP对DME富燃火焰抑制更有效的结论。     

CFD simulation of pool fires situated at differing elevation

When two or more pool fires happen to burn so close to each other that they interact, they are termed ‘multiple pool fires’ (MPF). Past accident analysis reveals that MPFs occur quite frequently in chemical process industries. Controlled experiments done so far to study MPFs have indicated that MPFs lead to increase in the fuel burning rate, flame height and heat release rate (HRR) but the nature and the extent of the impacts of different factors on these manifestations is as yet poorly understood. In this context computational fluid dynamics (CFD) appears to be a tool which can enable more detailed and realistic simulation of MPFs than other possible approaches, especially due to its ability to closely approximate the underlying physical phenomena. In tank farms there are situations where different storage tanks are placed at different elevations yet close to each other. If such tanks happen to catch fire, the resulting fires may influence each other in a manner that may be a function of the difference in the tanks’ elevation. However no CFD study has been carried out which addresses this type of situation. Hence an attempt has been made to employ CFD to study MPFs involving two pools with fuel surfaces are at different elevations. Results reveal that good correlation is possible between the experimental findings and the CFD simulations.     

Flame propagation mechanisms in dust explosions

To reveal the effects of particle characteristics, including particle thermal characteristics and size distributions, on flame propagation mechanisms during dust explosions clearly, the flame structures of dust clouds formed by different materials and particle size distributions were recorded using an approach combining high-speed photography and a band-pass filter. Two obviously different flame propagation mechanisms were observed in the experiments: kinetics-controlled regime and devolatilization-controlled regime. Kinetics-controlled regime was characterized by a regular shape and spatially continuous combustion zone structure, which was similar to the premixed gas explosions. On the contrary, devolatilization-controlled regime was characterized by a complicated structure that exhibited heterogeneous combustion characteristics, discrete blue luminous spots appeared surrounding the yellow luminous zone. It was also demonstrated experimentally that the flame propagation mechanisms transited from kinetics-controlled to devolatilization-controlled while decreasing the volatility of the materials or increasing the size of the particles. Damköhler number was defined as the ratio of the heating and devolatilization characteristic time to the combustion reaction characteristic time, to reflect the transition of flame propagation mechanisms in dust explosions. It was found that the kinetics-controlled regime and devolatilization-controlled regime can be categorized by whether Damköhler number was less than 1 or larger than 1.