Comparative evaluation of processes for heavy metal removal from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｈａｔｍｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌｓｏｌｉｄｗａｓｔｅｉｎｃｉｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｆｌｙａｓｈ（ＭＳＷＦＡ）ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｅａｍｏｕｎｔｓｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓ（Ｂｅｒｇ，１...     

垃圾焚烧烟气净化和二噁英污染物的控制技术

采用焚烧法处理城市生活垃圾,在我国正得到广泛的推广应用,但焚烧也带来二噁英污染,它严重威胁着人类的健康,世界各国正在采取积极措施控制。文章介绍了二噁英的结构、性质和形成机理,从焚烧前、焚烧中、焚烧后三个方面评述了国内外近年来所发展的对二噁英污染物的控制技术。     

城市下水污泥焚烧过程中二次污染物排放特性的试验研究

在0.15 MWt循环流化床燃烧试验台上进行了城市下水污泥与煤的混烧试验,分析了烟气中的二次污染物排放特性.分析结果表明,利用循环流化床焚烧城市下水污泥时,添加辅助燃料(如煤)及改变焚烧条件,不仅可以达到稳定燃烧的目的,而且有利于抑制焚烧中二次污染物(如CO及二恶英等有机污染物)的生成.分析了焚烧污泥污染物的排放特性,为采用焚烧方式处理城市下水污泥提供了基础性试验数据.     

Trace metal emissions from co-combustion of refuse derived and packaging derived fuels in a circulating fluidized bed boiler

Energy recovery from refuse derived fuels (RDF) and packaging derived fuels (PDF) is one option in integrated waste management. Nine RDF and PDF co-combustion tests with peat and coal in a circulating fluidized bed boiler were carried out in this work. Heavy metal emissions in flue gas and fly ash were measured. Multivariate data analyses were used to find out the most important parameters affecting metal emissions in the flue gas.

The results showed that total heavy metal emissions were low. Although RDF and PDF had more heavy metals than peat and coal, the multivariate data analysis showed that an increase of the RDF or PDF share in the fuel mixture up to 20% did not correlate directly with the metal emissions in the flue gas. Distribution of Cd, Cu, Zn and Sn between flue gas and fly ash correlated with each other. Injection of limestone to bind sulphur and chlorine did not have a significant effect on heavy metal emissions in the flue gas. Heavy metals concentrated on the fly ash, but all fly ashes passed the EPA-TCLP tests.     

Dehalogenation Potential of Municipal Waste Incineration Fly Ash

BACKGROUND, AIMS AND SCOPE: In the first part of this paper the main principles which control the dehalogenation of polychlorinated aromatic compounds on municipal waste incineration fly ash (MWI-FA) have been discussed and the model fly ash of similar dehalogenation activity has been proposed. Even if both systems show comparable dehalogenation properties, the main question concerning the postulated identical reaction mechanism in both cases is left unanswered. The other very important point is to what extent is this dechlorination mechanism thermodynamically controlled. The same problem is often discussed in the literature also for the de novo synthetic reactions. From the data it is clear that metallic copper plays a decisive role in the mechanism of the dehalogenation reaction. Although the results reported in the first part strongly support the idea that copper acts in this dechlorination as the reaction component, in contrast to its generally accepted catalytic behaviour, we believed that additional support for this conclusion can be obtained with the help of a thermodynamic interpretation of the mechanism of the reaction. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The pathways of hexachlorobenzene dechlorination on MWI-FA and model fly ash were studied in a closed system at 260-300 degrees C under nitrogen atmosphere. These pathways were the same for both systems, with the following prevailing sequences: hexachlorobenzene --> pentachlorobenzene --> 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene --> 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene --> 1,3-dichlorobenzene. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out by using the method of minimization total Gibbs energy of the whole system. In the calculations, the following reaction components were taken into account: all gaseous chlorinated benzenes, benzene, hydrogen chloride, a gaseous trimer Cu3Cl3, and also Cu2O and CuCl2 as solid components. The effect of the reaction temperature and the amount of copper and water vapour were considered as well. The effect of reaction temperature was determined from the data calculated for the 500 to 750 K temperature region. The effect of the initial composition was determined for the molar amounts of copper = 0.01-3 moles and water vapour = 0.2 to 3 moles per mole of chlorobenzene isomer CONCLUSIONS: The results of hexachlorobenzene dechlorination by MWI-FA and model fly ash under comparable reaction conditions allow us to conclude that both dechlorinations proceed via the same dechlorination pathways, which can be taken as an evidence of the identical dehalogenation mechanism for both systems. The relative percentual distribution of the dehalogenated products depends on the temperature, but not on the initial amount of water vapour or copper metal. On the other hand, the initial amount of copper substantially affects the conversion of the dehalogenation as well as the molar ratio of Cu3Cl3 to HCl in the equilibrium mixture. Comparison of the experimental with thermodynamic results supports the idea that dehalogenation reactions are thermodynamically controlled. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: Thermodynamic analysis of the dehalogenation reactions may prove useful for a wide range of pollutants. The calculations concerning polychlorinated biphenyls and phenols are under study.     

活性炭固定床操作参数的优化

研究了操作参数对活性炭固定床处理有机废气的影响。温度升高，吸附容量下降。湿度的存在会减少活性炭对有机物的吸附容量。适当的操作气速为0.1-0.5m/s，在此范围内，气速与压降在对数坐标上呈线性关系。     

移动床生物膜反应器的研究及应用现状

移动床生物膜反应器是一种高效的污水处理系统 ,目前在国内外已有较多应用。本文就其特点及研究应用状况作简要介绍。     

焚烧法处理环己酮生产中的皂化液

用环已烷氧化生产环已酮的生产过程中会产生大量的皂化液 ,它含有大量的有害物质 ,是一种难处理的高污染有机废水。某石化厂在借鉴造纸行业的黑液焚烧技术的基础上 ,采用焚烧法来处理皂化液 ,并得到副产蒸气和回收了碳酸钠 ,实现了皂化液的无害化与资源化 ,具有良好的社会效益、环境效益和经济效益 ,每处理 1t皂化液可盈利 10 0～ 2 0 0元     

深床过滤机理及其在水处理中的应用研究与进展

深床过滤既有过滤功能,又具生物处理作用,具有良好的应用前景;本文阐述了深床过滤的最新研究动向,深床过滤过程的数学模型的构建方法,国内外利用深床过滤技术处理微污染水源水、城市生活污水及污水深度处理的实验研究状况.