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471.
Grosso M Biganzoli L Rigamonti L Cernuschi S Giugliano M Poluzzi V Biancolini V 《Chemosphere》2012,86(3):293-299
The behaviour of waste incineration plants with respect to organic toxic trace contaminants such as PCDDs, PCDFs and, to a minor extent, PCBs, is still a matter of concern for the public opinion and the decision makers. It is therefore very important, first, to evaluate the release of these organic toxic trace contaminants in the environment during waste incineration, not only through the stack gas emission but also with the solid and liquid residues, and then to compare the total release with the input through the treated waste in order to assess the plant behaviour as a “sink” rather than a “source” of organic toxic trace contaminants. The experimental investigation carried out on an Italian full scale incineration plant has shown a total 17 PCDD/Fs and 12 dioxin-like PCBs release of 5.5-27 μg WHO-TEQ per tonne of treated waste and an input flux of 1.6-44 μg WHO-TEQ per tonne of waste, with the difference between the input and the output fluxes rather small and the plant behaviour toward organic trace toxic contaminants in average neutral. Results are compared with similar evaluations conducted in the last decade on a number of waste-to-energy (WTE) plants operating in Italy. 相似文献
472.
2种耐寒生态浮床植物的水质改善性能研究 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
引种了2种陆地湿生的耐寒植物——黄菖蒲和西伯利亚鸢尾作为生态浮床植物,以水生美人蕉为对比,进行了水质改善实验研究。在6个月实验期内,黄菖蒲、西伯利亚鸢尾和美人蕉(5个月)对SRP的平均去除速率分别为79.27、20.92和34.29 mg/(m2?d),对TP的平均去除速率分别为86.92、24.91和36.6 mg/(m2?d),对NH+4-N的平均去除速率分别为517.54、170.57和274.07 mg/(m2?d),对TN的平均去除速率分别为763.79、301.81和384.04 mg/(m2?d)。黄菖蒲年去除磷的量21 207.64 mg/(m2?a),是西伯利亚鸢尾的2.6倍,是美人蕉的3.8倍;年去除氮的量186 365.78 mg/(m2?a),是西伯利亚鸢尾的1.9倍,美人蕉的3.2倍。黄菖蒲和西伯利亚鸢尾耐寒能越冬,生长期长,管理工作量小。 相似文献
473.
初步比较气升式内循环蜂窝陶瓷反应器(IAL-CHS)和内循环三相流化床反应器(ITFB)对微污染水源水进行生物预处理的效果。IAL-CHS反应器比ITFB反应器挂膜启动速度快,但是在挂膜期承受冲击负荷能力较ITFB反应器差。在进水相同条件下,两者所能达到的最小水力停留时间、最大体积负荷和容积负荷相差不大,但是ITFB反应器的曝气强度却为IAL-CHS反应器的3.33倍,并且比IAL-CHS反应器出水SS高,浊度去除率低,单位载体的生物量及活性生物量小。 相似文献
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One of the main challenges that face successful biofiltration is the erratic loading pattern and long starvation periods. However, such patterns are common in practical applications. In order to provide long-term stable operation of a biofilter under these conditions, a cyclic adsorption/desorption beds system with flow switching was installed prior to a biofilter. Different square waves of a mixture containing n-hexane and benzene at a 2:1 ratio were applied to the cyclic adsorption/desorption beds and then fed to a biofilter. The performance of this integrated system was compared to a biofilter unit receiving the same feed of both VOCs. The cyclic adsorption/desorption beds unit successfully achieved its goal of stabilizing erratic loading even with very sharp peaks at the influent concentration equalizing influent concentrations ranging from 10-470 ppmv for n-hexane to 30-1410 ppmv for benzene. The study included different peak concentrations with durations ranging from 6 to 20 min. The cyclic beds buffered the fluctuating influent load and the followed biofilter had all the time a continuous stable flow. Another advantage achieved by the cyclic adsorption/desorption beds was the uninterrupted feed to the biofilter even during the starvation where there was no influent in the feed. The results of the integrated system with regard to removal efficiency and kinetics are comparable to published results with continuous feed studies at the same loading rates. The removal efficiency for benzene had a minimum of 85% while for n-hexane ranged from 50% to 77% according to the loading rate. The control unit showed very erratic performance highlighting the benefit of the utilization of the cyclic adsorption/desorption beds. The biofilter was more adaptable to concentration changes in benzene than n-hexane. 相似文献
476.
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479.
生物量流失是EGSB反应器在高负荷状态下稳定运行面临的主要问题。利用实验室EGSB反应器在中温条件下处理高浓度葡萄糖废水,研究EGSB反应器在高负荷状态下的床层流态行为及其受影响因素。结果表明,在该反应器结构形式下,当有机负荷达到23-26 kg COD/(m3·d),水力上升流速在约3.0 m/h,气体上升流速在约1.3 m/h状态下运行时,床层易发生剧烈流化现象,并导致颗粒污泥的解体和流失。降低反应器回流比、减小反应器内水力上升流速,控制床层在悬浮状态时可以有效降低高负荷状态下生物量的流失,并取得了有机负荷46 kg COD/(m3·d),COD去除率97%以上的处理效果。 相似文献
480.
以垃圾焚烧飞灰为吸附剂对亚甲基蓝进行了吸附脱色实验。主要探讨了飞灰粒径、用量、温度、pH值和初始浓度等因素对亚甲基蓝吸附的影响,同时分析了吸附上清液中重金属Pb和Cr的浸出毒性。研究结果表明,在25—45℃、pH值2~12、飞灰用量1~5g范围内,经过180min吸附,亚甲基蓝的脱色率都达75%以上,最高可达99.46%。实验还得出,除重金属Pb外,吸附上清液中重金属的浸出量远远低于《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》的限定值。因此,若能降低重金属Pb的浸出,飞灰将具有应用于处理染料废水的巨大潜力。 相似文献