垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气净化工艺及应用

本文介绍了引进的西格斯烟气净化技术的工艺流程和技术特点，并就采用该技术建设的深圳某垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气排放指标和国家标准及实测值进行了比较。     

造纸厂备料车间除尘系统的改造

介绍了以芦苇为原料的造纸厂备料车间的除尘现状，对粉尘的性质进行了分析，选择了采用三相流化床除尘技术对备料车间除尘系统进行改造。工业应用表明，该技术除尘效果令人满意。     

三相好氧生物流化床污水处理技术研究应用进展

阐述了三相好氧生物流化床污水处理技术的工艺特点和发展概况，介绍了三相好氧生物流化床在污水处理领域的研究及应用现状，并分析了其存在的问题和未来的发展方向。     

底隙十字挡板对四边形流化床流体力学性能优化数值模拟

通过置入内构件实现流化床底隙区多相流矢量由混沌到归一的转化可获得床体内流体流化性能的改善.基于此,以底隙区置入十字挡板的四边形流化床为研究对象,使用Fluent软件进行三维可视化模拟,利用Eulerian-Eulerian双流体模型模拟其在厌氧、水解及好氧条件下优化反应器流体力学性能的能力,考察置入挡板前后流化床内流场、液相运动速率、气体相含率及湍流耗散率的反馈变化,分析其对流体运动的影响,并提出工程优化设计的方向.结果表明:底隙区置入十字挡板后,四边形流化床内液体循环速度最大提升15.7%,在上升区截面上的分布更加均匀,液速峰值下降,有利于维持活性污泥的团聚作用,对提高流化床污泥负荷有利;整体气含率下降3.5%~6.9%,应用时可加入漏斗型内构件予以改进;在水解与好氧生物的模拟过程中,底隙区十字挡板的置入更能优化水力条件,湍流动能耗散率最大降低31.9%,对降低系统能耗提供了有利证据.研究证明,反应器内构件的设置通过流体力学性能的数值模拟可以成为一种优化开发的捷径技术.     

GeoChip-based analysis of the microbial community functional structures in simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification process

The elemental sulfur （S^0） recover）, was evaluated in the presence of hi,ate in two development models of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification （SDD） process. At the loading rates of 0.9 kg S/（m^3.day） for sulfide and 0.4 kg N/（m^3.day） for nitrate, SO conversion rate was 91.1% in denitrifying sulfide removal （DSR） model which was higher than in integrated simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification （ISDD） model （25.6%）. A comprehensive analysis of functional diversity, structure and metabolic potential of microbial communities was examined in two models by using functional gene array （GeoChip 2.0）. GeoChip data indicated that diversity indices, community structure, and abundance of functional genes were distinct between two models. Diversity indices （Simpson＇s diversity index （1/D） and Shannon-Weaver index （H′）） of all detected genes showed that with elevated infiuent loading rate, the functional diversity decreased in ISDD model but increased in DSR model. In contrast to ISDD model, the overall abundance of dsr genes was lower in DSR model, while some functional genes targeting from nitrate-reducing sulfide-oxidizingbacteria {NR-SOB）, such as Thiobacillus denitrficans, Sulfurimonas denitrificans, and Paracoccus pantotrophus were more abundant in DSR model which were highly associated with the change of SO conversion rate obtained in two models. The results obtained in this study provide additional insights into the microbial metabolic mechanisms involved in ISDD and DSR models, which in turn will improve the overall performance of SDD process.     

CLR反应器处理垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液的实验研究

CLR反应器是在IC反应器的基础上优化的厌氧反应装置,详细介绍了改进的工艺和实验方案,对垃圾焚烧发电厂产生的渗滤液,采用CLR厌氧反应器进行实验研究,结果表明：在中温的环境下,CLR厌氧进水COD从4 200 mg/L逐渐提高到42 000 mg/L的情况下,并稳定进水COD浓度42 000 mg/L左右时,出水COD在8 400 mg/L左右,COD去除率为80％以上.CLR反应器处理实际渗滤液的负荷能够达到42 kgCOD/（m3·d）,产气效率为0.4L沼气/gCOD,从处理效果的分析为生产规模工程设计提供参考.     

污泥焚烧炉气动分配阀优化改造研究

文章阐述了循环流化床技术在污泥焚烧领域的应用及在实际应用中出现的问题,针对循环流化床锅炉系统的气动分配阀在实际操作中出现的问题进行了分析,进一步分析了气动阀存在的问题对整个系统的影响,确定了对其改造的方案,并付诸实施,气动阀的改造不但稳定了系统操作,亦使各项排放指标达到了国家标准,获得了循环流化床技术应用于污泥焚烧的操作经验,同时使得循环流化床技术在污泥焚烧领域的应用趋于成熟,并为循环流化床技术在污泥处置领域的推广奠定了基础。     

基于被动采样技术的垃圾焚烧厂及周边大气中PAHs分布研究

垃圾焚烧是大气PAHs污染的重要来源,为监测垃圾焚烧过程产生的PAHs,利用被动采样技术对垃圾焚烧厂及周边大气中的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了定量分析.结果表明,PAHs总量为146.29～396.30 ng·d-1,其中气相中PAHs为128.03～377.05 ng·d-1,颗粒相中PAHs为10.698～19.251 ng·d-1.气相中PAHs组成以菲、荧蒽、芴等低环化合物为主,菲的含量高达55.1%.选定松针作为被动植物样品,测得松针中PAHs的浓度为651.88～1 044.43 ng·g-1;考察土壤中PAHs的分布特征,测得土壤中PAHs浓度为35.04～998.89 ng·g-1.被动采样和松针、土壤中所含的PAHs分布特征相似,说明被动采样能反映PAHs在环境中的真实积累情况.此外,通过比较主动采样与被动采样结果,表明两者对大气中PAHs的富集能达到基本一致的效果.     

Numerical simulation of flow hydrodynamics of struvite pellets in a liquid–solid fluidized bed

Phosphorus recovery in the form of struvite has been aroused in recent decades for its dual advantages in eutrophication control and resource protection.The usage of the struvite products is normally determined by the size which is largely depended on the hydrodynamics.In this study,flow behavior of struvite pellets was simulated by means of Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid model combining with kinetic theory of granular flow in a liquid–solid fluidized bed reactor(FBR).A parametric study including the mesh size,time step,discretization strategy,turbulent model and drag model was first developed,followed by the evaluations of crucial operational conditions,particle characteristics and reactor shapes.The results showed that a cold model with the mesh resolution of 16 × 240,default time step of 0.001 sec and first order discretization scheme was accurate enough to describe the fluidization.The struvite holdup profile using Syamlal–O'Brien drag model was best fitted to the experimental data as compared with other drag models and the empirical Richardson–Zaki equation.Regarding the model evaluation,it showed that liquid velocity and particle size played important roles on both solid holdups and velocities.The reactor diameter only influenced the solid velocity while the static bed height almost took no effect.These results are direct and can be applied to guide the operation and process control of the struvite fluidization.Moreover,the model parameters can also be used as the basic settings in further crystallization simulations.     

城市生活垃圾处理方式的对比研究

城市生活垃圾的量越来越大,生活垃圾具备较大的开发潜质、是"放错地方的资源",有效加以利用产生的价值十分可观,若处理不当则通过不同途径危害人体健康.为达到生活垃圾无害化、减量化和资源化的处理目标,中国垃圾的处理能力和水平必须提高,选择合适的处理工艺就变的得十分重要.针对生活垃圾处理的填埋法、焚烧法和堆肥法的优缺点进行了充分比较,不仅仅要关注垃圾处理技术,还要充分考虑各种影响因素,诸如垃圾成分、垃圾分类程度等,综合考虑各方面因素后确定相关技术,生活垃圾有望进行合理的处理.