Streambed Sediment Geochemical Controls on In-Stream Phosphorus Concentrations during Baseflow

A spatially extensive geochemical data set of stream water and bed sediment composition across the Tamar catchment in south-west England was analysed to identify the key bed sediment properties that control the in-stream dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations during baseflow conditions. Linear regression analysis of the streamwater DRP concentrations and the distribution coefficient K _d for DRP revealed that the former is positively correlated with total SiO₂ and Al₂O₃, and negatively correlated with K₂O. The primary control on these major element distributions is the dominant bedrock geology. The data suggest that streamwater DRP concentrations are mainly controlled by adsorption to clay minerals. Where P concentrations in streamwater were considerably elevated by inputs from point sources, DRP concentrations are also controlled by precipitation of hydroxyapatite.     

悬浮填料滤池固液分离新技术的中试试验研究

本文提出了采用悬浮填料滤池对活性污泥混合液进行固液分离的新技术。该技术所采用的悬浮填料滤池可直接设置在生化反应池末端,取消原工艺中的二沉池。中试试验对悬浮填料滤池的固液分离效果,滤池的运行周期及冲洗方法进行了研究。试验证明,悬浮填料滤池运行稳定,在进水表面负荷高达2.0~3.0 m3/m2.h的情况下出水SS达到城镇污水处理厂污染物二级排放标准(GB18918-2002),工作周期可达到5天以上。悬浮填料滤池可采用曝气方法进行冲洗,操作管理简单,冲洗效果良好,便于实现自动化运行。     

Evaluation of the effectiveness of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for different media

Two media bed (gravel and Filtralite NR) were tested in a mesocosm to evaluate the removal of organic matter (as chemical oxygen demand (COD)),ammonia (NH4-N),nitrite,nitrate and solid matter (as total suspended solids (TSS)) for a synthetic wastewater (acetate-based) and a domestic wastewater.The use of Filtralite allowed average removal rates (6–16.8 g COD/(m2·day),0.8–1.1 g NH4-N/(m2·day) and 3.1 g TSS/(m2·day)) and removal effciencies (65%–93%,57%–85% and 78% for COD,NH4-N and TSS,respectively),higher than that observed in the experiments with gravel.The applied loads of COD,ammonia,nitrate and TSS seem to influence the respective removal rates but only for the treatment of domestic wastewater with higher correlation coefficients for Filtralite.Regardless the type of media bed and the type of wastewater,nitrate was completely removed for nitrogen loading rates up to 1.3 g NO3-N/(m2·day).There was no evidence of the influence of nitrate loads on the removal of organic matter.     

污水处理厂污泥处置技术探讨

本文对国内外污泥处置方式作了介绍。针对南通市污水处理厂污泥含水率较高,以及采用流化床锅炉的热电厂较多的特点,建议采用间接干化-循环流化床锅炉焚烧的方式对污泥进行处理。     

垃圾热化学转化利用过程中碳排放的两种计算方法

为了明确城市生活垃圾焚烧和热解两种热化学方式处理过程中温室气体的排放量(简称"碳排放"或GHG),分别采用生命周期评价方法(LCA)和政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)制定的2006国家温室气体排放清单指南(简称"IPCC2006指南")进行了核算,并计算了两种垃圾热化学处理方式相对于填埋处理的GHG减排量.结果表明,两种核算方法计算所得的不同垃圾处理方式的碳排放趋势基本一致,但基于IPCC2006指南计算出的GHG减排量高于LCA方法的计算结果.相对填埋处理而言,焚烧处理的GHG减排量从LCA法的597～660kg(以CO2当量计,下同)提高到IPCC2006指南法的648～747kg;垃圾热解发电的GHG减排量从LCA法的535kg提高到IPCC2006指南法的589kg.同时,对这两种核算方法的特点及在我国的适用性进行了分析,研究认为LCA法和IPCC2006指南可以结合使用以促进我国GHG核算机制的完善.     

饮用水源地生态防护与水质改善的研究

分析了当前饮用水水源地的水质状况,介绍了3种水源地生态防护与水质改善的方法：生态护坡、人工介质富集微生物、水生植物型人工湿地．并展望了它们的应用前号。     

外循环流化床处理含染料废水的工艺条件研究

利用活性炭为载体的外循环三相生物流化床,采用厌氧、好氧组合工艺对含染料废水进行处理实验,结果表明：活性炭载体填充量15 g/L为最佳用量,与流化床的流体混合特性吻合;得到最优化处理流程,包括一次性进水厌氧A（总计4 h,其中进水5 min）-好氧O（4 h）-沉淀（1 h）-出水闲置（3 h）,周期12 h。COD进水浓度较高时,其去除率89.4%;COD进水浓度较低时,其去除率82.3%;色度去除率接近100%;NH4-N去除率达60%以上,总容积负荷0.052 kg NH4-N/m3.d。为了保证高效的脱色效果,出水闲置阶段不应低于3h。     

垃圾焚烧发电技术应用过程中的研究

垃圾焚烧发电技术能实现城市垃圾的减量化和无害化处理的目的,并可将其产生的能量用于发电或其它方面,而且占地面积少,具有明显的环境保护和资源利用方面的优势。城市垃圾焚烧技术也在我国经济较发达地区得到了一定的研究和应用。对垃圾焚烧发电的工程应用中垃圾焚烧炉的优选以及垃圾焚烧发电效率的影响因素等进行了阐述。     

制药企业污水处理厂生物除臭试验研究

介绍了生物除臭方法的试验原理和工艺流程,应用生物滤床等装置对某制药厂的废水产生的臭气进行了处理,结果表明,生物过滤除臭工艺能去除99%的废水中的H2S,此工艺适合于制药废水处理过程中产生的H2S臭气的去除。     

海南椰林湾海草床调查及其演变研究

根据现场调查研究,首次汇集了海南岛椰林湾海草床海草、浮游植物和浮游动物资源的基础资料,概要分析和总结了该海草床的演变过程及其面临的威胁,提出了椰林湾海草床保护与管理建议,以期能在发展经济的同时,采取适当的措施保护椰林湾海草床的海草资源及其海洋生态环境,使之得到合理利用和可持续发展.