佳木斯市垃圾处理工艺的选择分析

通过对佳木斯生活垃圾的数量与特征进行分析,结合垃圾处理工艺的优缺点,探讨适合我市采用的垃圾处理工艺。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰处置与资源化利用研究进展

针对作为危险废物的垃圾焚烧飞灰,系统介绍了国内外对其进行处理处置的现状,从水泥固化、高温稳定化及化学药剂稳定化几方面进行了论述。在总结目前国内外飞灰资源化利用途径的基础上,介绍了其4类再利用途径:建筑材料制作(水泥、混凝土、陶瓷、玻璃和玻璃陶瓷),农业利用(土壤改良剂)、岩土工程应用(道路、筑堤)和其它(吸附剂),并对以后的处理方向作了阐述,为飞灰的无害化和资源化处理提供参考。     

煤层气采出水水质及其对土壤和植物影响研究进展

煤层气是优质的能源和化工原料。但在其开采过程中,排出的大量煤层气采出水对土壤和植物的影响以及其相应的评价与修复是一个非常重要的环境问题。文章从煤层气采出水中的元素种类及其形态变化、有机污染物含量变化等方面综述了不同区域煤层气采出水水质状况。在此基础上,分析了煤层气采出水灌溉土壤对土壤和植物的影响。主要包括土壤pH变化;一些元素及离子可能导致土壤发生盐化和钠质化作用及其影响因素;植物生物量和物种多样性的变化及优势种的改变等。针对不同区域煤层气采出水的相关水质状况以及其对土壤及植物的影响,提出了相应的控制修复措施。最后,提出了未来该领域需要加强研究的方面,以期为未来合理、安全地利用煤层气采出水提供相关参考。     

制革污泥焚烧特性及焚烧过程中重金属挥发控制研究

以制革污泥为研究对象进行焚烧处理,并对其燃烧特性进行分析.结果发现,制革污泥燃烧过程中并未出现明显的固定碳燃烧区.同时,将制革污泥与煤粉混合后焚烧,结果显示,制革污泥的比例及挥发分的析出对混合燃料的着火燃烧有显著影响,在低温段(180-450℃),制革污泥比例的增大可提高混合试样的活化性能,且燃烧程度加剧.通过添加Ca...     

复合式厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮性能研究

采用低速机械搅拌装置,以无纺布作为固定床的填料,把搅拌床与固定床的优点有机结合起来,设计一种复合式厌氧氨氧化反应器.在反应器中,生物滞留量相对较高,微生物的性状由接种时的碎絮状很快转变成颗粒状,短期内反应器系统的脱氮性能迅速提高,启动时间大为缩短.仅用38d,反应器中总氮去除速率稳定增长至1.9kg·m·-3d-1.随...     

流化床厌氧反应器流化及反应特性研究

对流化床厌氧反应器的流化及反应特性进行研究,结果显示:床层实际初始流化流速umf为0.138～0.154cm/min,与理论计算值0.143 cm/min一致;在一定范围内,流速增大有利于反应量的提高,当流速为0.414 cm/min时,单位时间内的反应量达到最大,其值为4.66 mg/(L·min);适当提高流速有利...     

Inhibition and recovery of nitrification in treating real coal gasification wastewater with moving bed biofilm reactor

Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was used to treat real coal gasification wastewater. Nitrification of the MBBR was inhibited almost completely during start-up period. Sudden increase of influent total NH3 concentration was the main factor inducing nitrification inhibition. Increasing DO concentration in the bulk liquid (from 2 to 3 mg/L) had little e ect on nitrification recovery. Nitrification of the MBBR recovered partially by the addition of nitrifying sludge into the reactor and almost ceased within 5 days. Nitrification ratio of the MBBR achieved 65% within 12 days by increasing dilute ratio of the influent wastewater with tap water. The ratio of nitrification decreased to 25% when influent COD concentration increased from 650 to 1000 mg/L after nitrification recovery and recovered 70% for another 4 days.     

Production and application of anaerobic granular sludge produced by landfill

Sludge granulation is considered to be the most critical parameter governing successful operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB)reactors.Pre-granulated seeding sludge could greatly reduce the required start- up time.Two lab-scale and a pilot-scale EGSB reactors were operated to treat Shaoxing Wastewater Treatment Plant(SWWTP) containing wastewater from real engineering printing and dyeing with high pH and sulfate concentration.The microbiological structure and the particle size distribution in aerobic excess sludge,sanitary landfill sludge digested for one year,and the granular sludge of EGSB reactor after 400 d of operation were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieves.The lab-scale EGSB reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge after digestion for one year in landfill showed obviously better total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD)removal efficiency than one seeded with aerobic excess sludge after cation polyacrylamide flocculation-concentration and dehydration.The TCOD removed was 470.8 mg/L in pilot scale EGSB reactor at short hydraulic retention time of 15 h.SEM of sludge granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources showed some differences.SEM demonstrated that Methanobacterium sp.was present in the granules of pilot-scale EGSB and the granular sludge produced by landfill contained a mixture of anaerobic/anoxic organisms in abundance.The particle size distribution in EGSB demonstrated that using anaerobic granular sludge produced by sanitary landfill as the seeding granular sludge was feasible.     

Distribution and leaching characteristics of trace elements in ashes as a function of different waste fuels and incineration technologies

Impact of waste fuels (virgin/waste wood, mixed biofuel (peat, bark, wood chips) industrial, household, mixed waste fuel) and incineration technologies on partitioning and leaching behavior of trace elements has been investigated. Study included 4 grate fired and 9 fluidized boilers. Results showed that mixed waste incineration mostly caused increased transfer of trace elements to fly ash; particularly Pb/Zn. Waste wood incineration showed higher transfer of Cr, As and Zn to fly ash as compared to virgin wood. The possible reasons could be high input of trace element in waste fuel/change in volatilization behavior due to addition of certain waste fractions. The concentration of Cd and Zn increased in fly ash with incineration temperature. Total concentration in ashes decreased in order of Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Sb > As > Mo. The concentration levels of trace elements were mostly higher in fluidized boilers fly ashes as compared to grate boilers (especially for biofuel incineration). It might be attributed to high combustion efficiency due to pre-treatment of waste in fluidized boilers. Leaching results indicated that water soluble forms of elements in ashes were low with few exceptions. Concentration levels in ash and ash matrix properties (association of elements on ash particles) are crucial parameters affecting leaching. Leached amounts of Pb, Zn and Cr in > 50% of fly ashes exceeded regulatory limit for disposal. 87% of chlorine in fly ashes washed out with water at the liquid to solid ratio 10 indicating excessive presence of alkali metal chlorides/alkaline earths.     

中高温区碳酰肼还原NOx和抑制二{（左）口（右）恶}英的研究

济大学热能与环境工程研究所,上海 200092;2.上海宝钢研究院,上海 201900;3.上海电站辅机厂,上海 200090）摘要：试验研究了氧量为10.1%～16.7%的条件下,中高温区（450～1050℃）碳酰肼还原烟气中NO_x,及以不同方式加入焚烧炉和烧结系统时抑制二{（左）口（右）恶}英的生成.结果表明,在烟气中氧量较高的条件下,碳酰肼在600℃和967℃左右,脱硝效率分别达到最大,850℃左右时最低,显示了双峰效应.将碳酰肼溶液喷入适当温度区域的烟气中,能明显降低二{（左）口（右）恶}英在再合成温区（250～450℃）收集的飞灰中的二{（左）口（右）恶}英含量;将碳酰肼混入烧结矿料中进行烧结锅试验,烧结烟气中的二{（左）口（右）恶}英排放含量随着碳酰肼掺混量的增大而降低;当碳酰肼的掺混量（质量分数）达到0.1%时,烟气中二{（左）口（右）恶}英的毒性当量浓度与不掺时相比降低了78.8%.研究表明碳酰肼可以多种方式加入焚烧炉和烧结炉中抑制NO_x和二{（左）口（右）恶}英的排放,是一种很有前景的NO_x和二{（左）口（右）恶}英双效抑制剂.