An LCA model for waste incineration enhanced with new technologies for metal recovery and application to the case of Switzerland

A process model of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) and new technologies for metal recovery from combustion residues was developed. The environmental impact is modeled as a function of waste composition as well as waste treatment and material recovery technologies. The model includes combustion with a grate incinerator, several flue gas treatment technologies, electricity and steam production from waste heat recovery, metal recovery from slag and fly ash, and landfilling of residues and can be tailored to specific plants and sites (software tools can be downloaded free of charge). Application of the model to Switzerland shows that the treatment of one tonne of municipal solid waste results on average in 425 kg CO₂-eq. generated in the incineration process, and 54 kg CO₂-eq. accrue in upstream processes such as waste transport and the production of operating materials. Downstream processes, i.e. residue disposal, generates 5 kg CO₂-eq. Savings from energy recovery are in the range of 67 to 752 kg CO₂-eq. depending on the assumptions regarding the substituted energy production, while the recovery of metals from slag and fly ash currently results in a net saving of approximately 35 kg CO₂-eq. A similar impact pattern is observed when assessing the MSWI model for aggregated environmental impacts (ReCiPe) and for non-renewable resource consumption (cumulative exergy demand), except that direct emissions have less and no relevance, respectively, on the total score. The study illustrates that MSWI plants can be an important element of industrial ecology as they provide waste disposal services and can help to close material and energetic cycles.     

Application of surface molecular imprinting adsorbent in expanded bed for the adsorption of Ni(2+) and adsorption model

A new surface molecular imprinting adsorbent (SMIA) was used in an expanded bed. The expansion ratio and adsorption performance were studied at different volumetric rates, inlet concentrations, and pH values. A model based on the Adams-Bohart adsorption model of breakthrough curves was established. The predicted curves had good agreement with the experimental curves. The breakthrough time (T(1/2)) decreased with increasing inlet concentration when the outlet concentration was half the initial concentration (C/C(0)=0.5). The inlet concentration had little effect on the adsorption rate constant (k(1)) value when the initial concentration (C(0)) was above 150 mg/L. However, T(1/2) values increased with increasing initial pH of the inlet solution, and the k(1) value decreased due to the competition between H(+) and Ni(2+).     

浙江省三门县工业固体废物调查

介绍了浙江省三门县工业固体废物的产生情况,并通过现场走访的形式对需焚烧处理的固体废物产生情况进行了调查,对该县工业固体。尤其是可燃的工业固体废物的基本情况有了深入的了解。对我国中小城镇中固废管理和处理方面常出现的问题作了简要分析。     

混合垃圾在热重分析仪和流化床中的燃烧特性

针对我国目前垃圾焚烧以烧原生垃圾为主的特点,以热重分析和流化床燃烧实验台为主要研究手段,对于混合垃圾的燃烧特性展开深入研究并将二者的试验数据进行对比.实验结果表明:不同的垃圾在流化床中的燃烧速率的数值比较接近.而不同的垃圾在热重仪中的燃烧速率差别很大,针对所选的试样其燃烧速率的变化范围是0.49～5.50.另外,在热重分析中,试样完全燃烬的时间一般为20～25min,而在流化床燃烧实验台中,试样的燃烧过程发展得非常快,燃烬时间非常短,仅需3～3.5min.混合垃圾在热重分析仪中的燃烧特性可以用单组分物质的叠加来表示,而混合的垃圾在流化床中燃烧时,用简单的单组分叠加来表示不很合理.     

尾矿库溃坝泥石流相似模拟试验台设计及验证

泥石流是一种极具破坏力的地质灾害类型,而尾矿库溃坝形成的泥石流除产生巨大破坏力外,还会造成严重的环境污染问题,为了分析其流态演进过程设计了泥石流相似模型试验台。本尾矿库溃坝泥石流相似模拟试验台采用全透明技术以观察泥石流的流态演进过程,同时在传感器对应位置外侧固定量尺,以记录泥石流流动过程中泥深的动（泥石流淹没高程）静（泥石流结束后滞留泥浆高度）态变化。与现有技术相比具有5大优点,主要体现在弯度调节、坡度调节及闸门装置3大系统,并通过相似模型试验与前人研究成果对比,验证了此试验台的可行性,对完善矿山泥石流流体力学理论及矿山泥石流防灾减灾工作具有重要的科学价值及意义。     

生活垃圾焚烧处理技术

我国的垃圾焚烧处理行业正进入热潮阶段,由于垃圾的焚烧在国内积累的经验不多,面对垃圾焚烧处理一些技术问题不能很好解决,匆匆建设的垃圾焚烧项目将会暴露出一些难于弥补的问题。垃圾焚烧厂的建设应充分研究前期的潜在问题     

旋滤组合移动式颗粒床除尘器优化设计建模

以旋滤组合移动式颗粒床除尘器的性能-结构关系为基础,建立移动式颗粒床除尘器优化设计的数学模型。该模型以除尘效率最大为优化目标,以结构参数与运行参数间的关系为约束条件,对特定的粉尘和含尘气体以及一定的运行参数而言,优化设计变量为移动式颗粒床除尘器的结构参数(主要有进气口尺寸,旋风体直径,过滤床直径、厚度及有效过滤高度),从而确定移动式颗粒床除尘器的最佳结构尺寸。通过设计实例检验,证明了该模型具有较好的实际应用价值。     

疏浚底泥生态毒理性风险分析方法的研究进展

疏浚底泥土地利用应该尽可能避免对施用土壤、周围地表水及地下水的污染,通过生物聚积试验和急性、亚急性毒性试验考查底泥对水及土壤中生物、植物发芽生长的影响,通过渗滤试验评价其对地下水层的污染。疏浚底泥土地利用前,其生态毒理性风险分析的方法包括风险简化评价和风险详细评价。通常简化评价方法用于估计底泥土地利用对生态系统影响程度;详细评价法进一步通过生物毒性试验和柱状渗滤试验来确定其生态毒理性影响,界定其风险特性。     

一种选择城市垃圾处理方式的新方法--模糊数学决策法

对模糊数学决策法的基本原理、方法和步骤作了简要介绍，并将其应用到成都市区生活垃圾处理方式的选择中，其决策结果与成都市区目前采用的生活垃圾处理方式相符，表明了该方法的实用性。本研究为合理选择城市垃圾处理方式提供了一种量化方法。     

阳极溶出伏安法连续测定底泥中的总镉和总铅

样品经盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解后，用1＋1盐酸溶解残渣，以高氯酸做支持电解质，采用阳极溶出伏安法的标准加入法，测定样品中的总镉和总铅，取得满意结果。