高温厌氧法处理炼厂浮选渣的研究

本文考察了高温厌氧消化处理炼油厂浮选渣的效果，得出在污泥停留时间为10天的条件下，厌氧过程能较好地进行，高温消化后的污泥脱水性能有较大的改善；离心后的渣相含水率明显降低．     

重金属对食品的污染及其危害

铅、砷、汞、镉、锡等有毒重金属通过各种途径污染食品,沿食物链进入人体后,给人体健康带来严重危害.本文综述了几种重金属对食品的污染及其来源,对人体的危害及其预防,以便提高人们的食品安全意识,加强环境保护,维护人体健康.     

有机食品的发展现状及趋势探讨

介绍了有机食品的概念,分析了国际有机食品运动的发展方向、推动因素和市场潜力,预测今后几年内全球有机产品市场的年平均发展速率为15％－20％。同时,还分析了我国发展有机食品的国际环境、农业基础和发展模式,认为发展有机农业和有机食品是跨越绿色贸易壁垒的良策,国内的消费市场潜力和空间巨大,预测到2010年,我国有机食品占国内食品市场的比例可望达到1.0%-1.5%,占全球有机食品市场的份额则可望达到3.0%。     

恩诺沙星残留对土壤微生物数量及群落功能多样性的影响

对不同浓度恩诺沙星作用于土壤后三大类微生物数量及群落功能多样性进行了研究. 结果表明,恩诺沙星残留对它们影响强弱顺序为:细菌>放线菌>真菌,其影响作用随浓度从每克土 0. 01μg至 10μg的增加而加大,药物作用活性维持期为 6~8d,但对真菌作用不明显. 相对较低浓度的恩诺沙星残留(每克土中 0. 1μg, 1μg)不影响土壤微生物群落功能多样性,而相对较高浓度的恩诺沙星残留 (每克土中 10μg)则降低了其微生物群落功能多样性.图 2表 2参 9     

涕灭威农药的残留、毒性及其对生态环境的影响

本文描述了涕灭威农药在土壤、水体和生物中的残留、降解和归趋以及对生物的毒性。涕灭威是一种剧毒农药、在环境中虽能很快降解成亚砜,并能进一步降解成毒性更低的化合物,但它仍有可能造成对地下水的污染和对生物与人体的潜在危害。     

HPLC法测定多菌灵在西洋参中的残留量

本文报道了多菌灵在西洋参中残留量的HPLC检测方法.当添加水平在1.0一5.0μg·l~(-1)时,根中回收率为60一76%:添加水平在0.5一2μg·l~(-1)时,茎叶中回收率为70一80%;土壤添加2.5μg·l~(-1)时,回收率为84%.茎叶、根、土壤中残留量测定的相对标准偏差分别为2.16%.6.17%.1.24%.检测极限均为0.1μg·l~(-1)多菌灵在茎叶和土壤中的消解动态方程为C=118.42(?)和C=18.84(?)半衰期为5.87d和3.63d.     

绿磺隆在土壤中的残留与危害

江苏省苏南地区，冬季麦田每公顷施用１５ｇ绿磺隆（以有效成份计，下同），翌年水稻栽秧时土壤中绿磺隆的残留量为０．２２μｇ／ｋｇ，种麦期间绿磺隆在土壤中的降解量约占施用量的９６．８％，绿磺隆在土壤中的降解半衰期平均为３８．６ｄ。水稻对绿磺隆也有高度的敏感性，由于绿磺隆在渍水土镶中容易降解，所以它在稻麦轮作地区对后茬水稻的实际危害较轻。改善土壤肥力状况，在一定程度上可减缓绿磺隆对作物的危害。     

Relationship between filtration activity and food availability in the Mediterranean mussel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mytilus galloprovincialis</Emphasis>

The filtration activity of the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, was assessed under different concentrations and compositions of seston by using a new automated image acquisition and analysis system. This approach allowed for frequent and simultaneous measurements of valve gape and exhalant siphon area. Filtration rates were measured through clearance measurements whereas pumping rates were measured using hot-film probes. The average filtration rate (17.5 l g h⁻¹ DW⁻¹ for a 0.36 g DW mussel) recorded during the present study was higher than those available for Mytilus edulis when standardized to flesh dry weight but almost equivalent (17.5 l h⁻¹ g DW⁻¹ for a 53 mm shell length mussel) to those rates when standardized to shell length. Immediately after the addition of algal cells (Isochrysis galbana; 4.5 μm in size), valve gape, exhalant siphon area and filtration rate increased quickly as mussels reached their maximum filtration activity. These three parameters then gradually decreased until complete closure of the shell. The algal cell concentration inducing this transition was close to 800 cells ml⁻¹ and 0.5 μg Chl a l⁻¹. When algal concentration was maintained above this threshold by successive algal additions, both valve gape and exhalant siphon area remained maximal. Temporal changes in the exhalant siphon area were continuous as opposed to those of valve gape. Therefore, despite the significant correlation between these two parameters, valves and siphon were sometimes dissociated due to a reduction of the area or even a closure of the exhalant siphon while the valves remained open. The velocity of exhaled water tended to be constant irrespective of exhalant siphon area and thus pumping rates were a linear function of exhalant siphon area. Consequently, reductions in exhalant siphon area and pumping rate were almost similar in M. galloprovincialis. Our results thus clearly support the hypothesis that exhalant siphon area constitutes a better proxy of pumping rate than valve gape as already suggested for Mytilus edulis. Finally, the high filtration rates measured during the present study together with the high concentrations of inorganic matter (> 40 mg DW l⁻¹) requested to alter those rates suggest that the studied mussels were well adapted to oligotrophic waters featuring strong hydrodynamism and frequent sediment resuspension events.     

青枯雷尔氏菌GMI1000菌株龙胆酸1,2-双加氧酶活性中心关键氨基酸残基的鉴定

生物信息学分析表明,位于青枯雷尔氏菌GMI1000菌株的染色体上的读码框RSc1087可能编码一个龙胆酸1,2-双加氧酶.本研究克隆、表达了该基因,并通过亲和层析对该基因表达产物进行了纯化.酶学测试结果证实,该基因编码的正是龙胆酸1,2-双加氧酶.SDS-PAGE结果表明,该酶亚基分子量约为38×103.基因的定点突变揭示105位、107位和146位组氨酸残基是该酶活性中心的关键氨基酸残基.