土地利用/覆被变化对张掖黑河湿地国家级自然保护区景观破碎化的影响

在遥感和GIS技术支持下,基于1975-2010年长时间序列遥感影像,结合转移矩阵模型等方法,阐述了张掖黑河湿地国家级自然保护区及其周边区域的土地利用/覆被变化状况。选取斑块密度指数、聚合度、斑块平均面积指数、斑块形状破碎化指数等指标,系统分析了保护区内湿地景观破碎化过程,据此探讨了保护区及其周边区域土地利用/覆被变化对保护区内湿地景观破碎化过程的影响。结果表明:①保护区内及其周边地区的耕地比重分别增加了7.67%和5.5%,湿地比重分别减少了6.91%和0.4%;②保护区内湿地逐渐由研究初期大面积斑块体占主导、空间上连续分布的格局趋于景观破碎化;③区域土地利用/覆被变化直接导致了保护区内湿地平均斑块面积的缩减,间接降低了湿地斑块间的聚合度等;④保护区内湿地景观破碎化对土地利用/覆被变化的响应主要表现为各景观破碎化指数对大规模的耕地开垦等开发活动的响应上。     

空分站大型空压机组的噪声治理

介绍了采用局部敞开式隔声罩隔音降噪技术治理空分站大型空压机组噪声的治理方案及取得的效果.     

双旋喷雾除尘工艺治理选煤厂粉尘实践

粉尘问题是影响选煤厂高效安全洁净生产的重要问题。分析了粉尘产生和扩散的原因,根据选煤厂的实际采用密闭抑尘与双旋喷雾除尘相结合工艺治理粉尘污染。该工艺系统简单,运行可靠,投资少有较好的应用前景。     

Matching national forest policies and management practices for climate change adaptation in Burkina Faso and Ghana

Many studies have suggested various kinds of forest policies, management planning and practices to help forests adapt to climate change. These recommendations are often generic, based mostly on case studies from temperate countries and rarely from Africa. We argue that policy and management recommendations aimed at integrating adaptation into national forest policies and practices in Africa should start with an inventory and careful examination of existing policies and practices in order to understand the nature and extent of intervention required to influence the adaptation of forest ecosystems to climate change. This paper aims to contribute to closing this gap in knowledge detrimental to decision making through the review and analysis of current forest policies and practices in Burkina Faso and Ghana and highlighting elements that have the potential to influence the adaptation of forest ecosystems to climate change. The analysis revealed that adaptation (and mitigation) are not part of current forest policies in Burkina Faso and Ghana, but instead policies contain elements of risk management practices which are also relevant to the adaptation of forest ecosystems. Some of these elements are found in policies on the management of forest fires, forest genetic resources, non-timber resources, tree regeneration and silvicultural practices. To facilitate and enhance the management of these elements, a number of recommendations are suggested. Their implementation will require experienced and well-trained forestry personnel, financial resources, socio-cultural and political dimensions, and the political will of decision makers to act appropriately by formulating necessary policies and mainstreaming adaptation into forest policy and management planning.     

Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal relations and sustainable forest management in Canada: The influence of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples

This paper provides an overview of the emerging role of Aboriginal people in Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) in Canada over the past decade. The 1996 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP) provided guidance and recommendations for improving Aboriginal peoples' position in Canadian society, beginning with strengthening understanding and building relationships between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal parties. This paper explores the extent to which advances in Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal relationships and Aboriginal forestry have been made as a result of RCAP's call for renewed relationships based on co-existence among nations. Such changes have begun to alter the context in which Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal relationships exist with respect to SFM. While governments themselves have generally not demonstrated the leadership called for by RCAP in taking up these challenges, industry and other partners are demonstrating some improvements. A degree of progress has been achieved in terms of lands and resources, particularly with co-management-type arrangements, but a fundamental re-structuring needed to reflect nation-to-nation relationships has not yet occurred. Other factors related to increasing Aboriginal participation in SFM, such as the recognition of Aboriginal and treaty rights, are also highlighted, along with suggestions for moving Aboriginal peoples' SFM agenda forward in the coming years.     

东北三省地表覆被变化对太阳辐射吸收的影响

太阳辐射是地表生态系统的主要能量来源,自然和人为因素造成的地表覆被变化是影响地表吸收太阳辐射的重要因素。选择我国纬度最高省际区域东北三省为研究区,基于2001、2005、2010、2015、2018年每年8月1日的MODIS地表覆被数据和地表吸收太阳辐射数据,对比分析不同地表覆被变化对地表吸收太阳辐射能量的影响。结果表明：（1）2001—2018年东北三省林地、水域先增后减,18 a间总量分别增加了3.96%和10.51%,耕地先减后增,总量减少1.22%,草地持续减少,总量下降19.36%,建筑用地逐期增长,总量增加11.08%。地表覆被变化以退耕还林还草、优化耕地格局、草地沙化、水利工程扩建、城市化扩张为主。（2）东北三省地表吸收太阳辐射强度为水域＞建筑用地＞林地＞草地＞耕地。变化剧烈区域（＞25 W∙m⁻²）主要集中在松嫩平原、三江平原及流经松嫩平原和三江平原的松花江流域。（3）地表覆被类型的转化会导致地表吸收太阳辐射的变化,以水域和耕草地、耕地和林草地之间转化时的变化最为显著。水域转化为耕草地时辐射吸收值均下降明显,反之上升,与耕地之间的绝对差异在2010—2015年最大（−156.66 W∙m⁻²）,与草地之间在2005—2010年最大（102.36 W∙m⁻²）;林草地开垦辐射吸收值下降,反之上升,林地与耕地之间的绝对差异在2010—2015年林地转化为耕地时最大（−13.94 W∙m⁻²）,草地与耕地之间则在2001—2005年耕地转化为草地时最大（22.36 W∙m⁻²）。     

Is everyone hot in the city? Spatial pattern of land surface temperatures,land cover and neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics in Baltimore,MD

Urban heat island effect refers to the phenomenon that ambient air and surface temperatures in urban areas are several degrees higher than surrounding rural areas. Higher temperatures not only impact the comfort of urban dwellers, but also increase energy use, ozone production, and the risk of death for humans in a heat wave. Our research focuses on the variation in land surface temperature in the Gywnns Fall Watershed, Maryland. We found that land surface temperature is highly variable spatially, resulting in "hotspots" within the heat island. We further explore how this temperature variation relates to social factors on the scale of the census-based block group. We show that land surface temperature is statistically higher in block groups that are characterized by low income, high poverty, less education, more ethnic minorities, more elderly people and greater risk of crime. These variables were mapped to evaluate the spatial relationship of land surface temperatures to social factors. This spatially explicit approach facilitates identification of specific areas to prioritize for heat prevention and intervention efforts. We demonstrate, through an exercise, how incorporating data on land surface temperature and social factors into heat intervention strategies could contribute to efficient allocation of limited resources and services. The exercise also indicates where heat prevention efforts, such as tree-planting programs, are most needed to help reduce heat exposure and moderate the urban heat island effect.