Ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major precursors for ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), both of which greatly harm human health and significantly affect the Earth''s climate. We simultaneously estimated ozone and SOA formation from anthropogenic VOCs emissions in China by employing photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) values and SOA yields. We gave special attention to large molecular species and adopted the SOA yield curves from latest smog chamber experiments. The estimation shows that alkylbenzenes are greatest contributors to both ozone and SOA formation (36.0% and 51.6%, respectively), while toluene and xylenes are largest contributing individual VOCs. Industry solvent use, industry process and domestic combustion are three sectors with the largest contributions to both ozone (24.7%, 23.0% and 17.8%, respectively) and SOA (22.9%, 34.6% and 19.6%, respectively) formation. In terms of the formation potential per unit VOCs emission, ozone is sensitive to open biomass burning, transportation, and domestic solvent use, and SOA is sensitive to industry process, domestic solvent use, and domestic combustion. Biomass stoves, paint application in industrial protection and buildings, adhesives application are key individual sources to ozone and SOA formation, whether measured by total contribution or contribution per unit VOCs emission. The results imply that current VOCs control policies should be extended to cover most important industrial sources, and the control measures for biomass stoves should be tightened. Finally, discrepant VOCs control policies should be implemented in different regions based on their ozone/aerosol concentration levels and dominant emission sources for ozone and SOA formation potential.     

可吸入颗粒物研究现状及发展综述

可吸入颗粒物严重影响空气质量和人体健康。人类对可吸入颗粒物的研究已经取得了相当多的成果,对其来源、组分及形成等都有了一定的认识。本文详细的综述了这部分内容,并对可吸入颗粒物的采样、分离和分析方法都做了介绍。更深层的认识可吸入颗粒物的生成机理和脱除手段是以后努力研究的方向。     

真空不锈钢保温容器旋压成形工艺

真空不锈钢保温容器的内胆身及外壳采用旋压工艺成形,可节省原材料,减少加工工序及模具投资.本文对真空双层不锈钢保温容器的制作方案、内胆身及外壳的旋压毛坯形式、旋压成形工艺和旋压过程工艺参数的选择等方面进行了理论分析和实践研究,提出了避免保温容器产生旋压缺陷的措施及手段.     

掺磷渣硅酸盐水泥熟料形成动力学的研究

研究了磷渣对硅酸盐水泥熟料形成动力学的影响，得到了熟料形成反应的活化能和动力学常数，研究表明，磷渣是一种较好的矿化剂。     

湘中涟源煤盆测水组煤动力变质作用的特征及其成因探讨

从煤变质程度、煤变质特征、煤变质带展布、煤的物理性质和结构构造、煤化学结构等方面．论述了湘中涟源煤盆早石炭世测水组煤动力变质作用的特征，并对其成因进行了探讨。     

南通市酸雨污染与成因分析

采用大量酸雨实测数据,全面系统地研究分析南通市酸雨污染状况,从区域性影响、局地污染影响和大气颗粒物缓冲能力等方面研究南通市酸雨污染的成因,为南通市环境综合决策和酸雨污染控制提供科学依据。     

盐间非砂岩低渗透油藏中原油运移动力学分析

独特的江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组盐间非砂岩油藏生储同层 ,盐岩封盖条件极佳 ,但储集层渗透能力极低 ,油气运移条件差。目前的众多证据表明 ,就是在渗透能力如此低下的盐间层中 ,非断裂区的原油也顺层发生了一定规模的运移。在压实作用、流体热增压、有机质生烃生气增压以及毛细管压差等应力作用下 ,盐间原油得以从烃源岩层中排除 ,并在低渗透的盐间层运移主干道中顺层侧向 (或断裂区垂向穿层 )从生烃次洼向构造高部位等低势区聚集。从动力学的角度证明了盐间非砂岩低渗透油藏中原油顺层运移的可能性 ,并指出了盐间石油的运移方向和有利聚集区。     

挥发性卤代烃的天然来源及其生成机制

天然产生的挥发性卤代烃(VHC)，对大气中VHC的源汇平衡有显著影响。不同生态系统中VHC的天然生成机制存在很大差异，有许多天然过程还不为人们所了解。该文对海洋，陆地等生态系统中VHC的天然来源及其产生机制进行了较全面的综述。     

油气田水合物形成机理及抑制剂的研究进展

通过介绍水合物的结构、形成机理及形成这种物质所带来的弊端,指出了研究合理的水合物抑制剂,在油气田发展环境保护中具有重要的理论和现实意义。同时根据水合物生成条件及主要防治措施,针对现有水合物抑制剂的种类及应用特点,提出了油气田水合物抑制剂研究的发展方向。     

A critical review on lead migration, transformation and emission control in Chinese coal‐fired power plants

Coal is widely utilized as an important energy source, but coal-fired power plant was considered to be an important anthropogenic lead emission source. In the present study, the distribution characteristics of lead in coal and combustion by-products are reviewed. Specifically, lead is mainly transferred to ash particles and the formation and migration mechanisms of particulate lead are summarized. Also, targeted measures are proposed to control the formation of fine particulate lead as well as to increase the removal efficiency during the low-temperature flue gas clean process. In detail, interactions between gaseous lead and some coal-bearing minerals or added adsorbents could obviously suppress the formation of fine particulate lead. On the other hand, some efforts (including promoting capture of fine particles, reducing resistivity of particles and strengthening the gas-liquid contact) could be made to improve the fine particulate lead removal capacity. Notably, the formation mechanism of fine particulate lead is still unclear due to the limitations of research methods. Some differences in the removal principles of fine particles and particulate lead make the lead emission precisely control a great challenge. Finally, the environmental potential risk of lead emission from flue gas and ash residues is addressed and further discussed.