The untapped potential of preferential trade agreements for climate governance

The regulatory contribution that preferential trade agreements (PTAs) make to global climate governance is assessed through an analysis of climate-related provisions found in 688 PTAs signed between 1947 and 2016. Provisions are analyzed along four dimensions: innovation, legalization, replication, and distribution. Innovative climate provisions are found in several PTAs that are in some cases more specific and enforceable than the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. Nonetheless, these climate provisions offer limited progress because they remain weakly ‘legalized’, fail to replicate broadly in the global trade system, and were not adopted by the largest greenhouse gas emitters. Despite the inclusion of innovative climate provisions in a number of PTAs, their poor design and weak replication position them as some of the weakest environmental provisions within PTAs.     

应对城市重大安全事件的应急资源联动研究

对应对重大安全事件应急资源联动进行界定,从横向和纵向两个角度进行分析,在此基础上提出两种应急资源联动的实现方式,即城市内的"基于Multi-Agent系统城市应急资源联动网络方式"以及城际间的"基于Multi-Hub的都市圈应急资源联动网络方式";同时探讨实现应急资源联动的基础保障,并提出应对城市重大安全事件的应急资源联动机制;通过良好的机制保障,实现应急资源的联动,有效提高资源的利用率和政府应对重大突发事件的能力,从而创造安全稳定的城市环境。     

Devising an integrated methodology for analyzing energy use and CO2 emissions from Taiwan's petrochemical industries

Input-output modeling and multiplier analysis are used to assess Taiwan's five petrochemical industries, based upon their economic contribution and potential impacts on energy consumption and CO2 emission. In addition, a consolidated index system was developed for evaluating energy and economic efficiencies as well as targets for CO2 reduction. Results indicate that petrochemical materials (PM) make a major contribution to economic development, with lesser contributions from plastic materials (PL) and artificial fibres (AF). PM has the highest energy multiplier while PL has the largest induced potential for energy consumption. Plastic and rubber products (PP, RP) are relatively insignificant energy consumers. AF has the highest CO2 multiplier, and its induced potential for CO2 emission is the most significant. The consolidated index shows that the upstream petrochemical industries perform rather poorly in an integrated view of economic, energy, and CO2 emission, and should be seen as the primary targets for CO2 reduction. Investment of the petrochemical industries in Taiwan should be adjusted to improve energy efficiency, economic bases, and lower CO2 emissions.     

Performance of a stratified sand filter in removal of chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids and ammonia nitrogen from high-strength wastewaters

A stratified sand filter column, operated in recirculation mode and treating synthetic effluent resembling high-strength dairy wastewaters was studied over a 342-d duration. The aim of this paper was to examine the organic, total suspended solids (TSS) and nutrient removal rates of the sand filter, operated in recirculation mode, under incrementally increasing hydraulic and organic loading rates and to propose a field filter-sizing criterion. Best performance was obtained at a system hydraulic loading rate of 10 L m(-2) d(-1); a higher system hydraulic loading rate (of 13.4 L m(-2) d(-1)) caused surface ponding. The system hydraulic loading rate of 10 L m(-2) d(-1) gave a filter chemical oxygen demand (COD), TSS, and total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) loading rate of 14, 3.7, and 2.1 g m(-2) d(-1), respectively, and produced consistent COD and TSS removals of greater than 99%, and an effluent NO(3)-N concentration of 42 mg L(-1) (accounting for an 86% reduction in total nitrogen (Tot-N)). As the proportional surface area requirement for the sand filter described in this study is less than the recommended surface area requirement of a free-water surface (FWS) wetland treating an effluent of similar quality, it could provide an economic and sustainable alternative to conventional wetland treatment.     

提高消防设施维护管理水平的措施及方法

针对如何进一步提高及完善消防设施或系统的维护管理水平,结合燕化公司机关区域内已着手开展的工作模式,从优化配置资源、规划日常工作、明确各项职责及开展相应活动等几方面展开论述,提供了一套总体性的经验与方法。收稿日期:2012-02-08     

海湾安防(GST)消防系统在高校图书馆的应用

从火灾探测器、报警装置、联动系统等方面介绍现代消防系统的构成、工作原理、运行情况。构建科学合理的消防系统,有助于实现高校图书馆火灾的早期探测、智能化控制,防灾于未然,将消防安全隐患消灭于萌芽状态。介绍海湾安防(GST)有限公司的情况,及其产品在中北大学图书馆的实际应用情况及存在问题,对消防系统在图书馆的应用提出思考和建议,以供图书馆、资料室、书库、档案馆等单位借鉴和参考。实践表明:GST有限公司生产的消防产品能满足图书馆的消防需求,同时还应加强图书馆工作人员的消防意识和消防管理。     

突发性环境事件应急联动系统的构建

针对目前突发性环境事件应急的薄弱环节,论述基于联动机制的突发性环境事件应急系统的组织体系、功能特点、关键技术及组织运作流程等。该系统在整合和利用现有应急条件的基础上,采用现代信息等先进技术,建立成为集通信、指挥和调度于一体的、高度智能化的应急指挥调度系统。通过该系统的建立,使得突发性环境污染事件的应急管理工作逐步走向科学化、系统化和规范化。     

城市群公共安全联动的检验检测能力共享体系

为优化城市群公共安全联动的检验检测能力,针对国内外现状,开展对城市群公共安全联动的检验检测能力共享体系研究。首先,对城市群公共安全联动等基本概念进行界定;然后,对公共安全所需的检验检测能力进行分类,进而初步建立起城市群公共安全联动的检验检测能力共享体系,并在此基础上对体系进行可行性分析。结果表明:共享体系具有必要性和可行性,对增强城市群公共安全联动有积极作用。     

环鄱阳湖旅游圈旅游经济联系与区域发展策略

旅游圈是推进区域旅游发展的有效载体,对区域内各地区间旅游经济关系产生重要影响。以资源主导型的环鄱阳湖区域为例,根据该区域旅游经济现状,以该研究区5个地级市所属的国家3A级及以上67个旅游景区为研究对象,从景区景观质量引力指数、旅游规模和交通可达性对传统引力模型进行修正,测度2003~2015年各地区间旅游经济联系强度及其演变情况,揭示环鄱阳湖区域旅游经济联系总量呈现出快速增长且联系紧密、区域差异较明显、交通作用逐渐增强等特征。在此基础上,提出构建环鄱阳湖旅游圈区域旅游发展的基本模式,以及圈内各地旅游经济联系的思路,形成多极核的网络化结构旅游圈层格局,并演进为区域旅游圈的一般结构模式,为推进区域旅游可持续发展提供借鉴。     

FDI对中国物流业碳排放影响的实证研究

近年来,全球气候变暖现象严重,为了实现人类的可持续发展,各国普遍重视发展低碳经济。中国是世界上碳排放量最多的国家,作为负责任的大国,我国发展低碳经济势在必行。物流是经济中不可缺少的一环,低碳物流直接影响到我国低碳经济的发展,因而,对于物流业碳排放问题的研究显得十分必要与紧迫。在经济全球化的背景下,我国大力推行外资政策,积极引进FDI,FDI在推动我国经济发展的同时,也对我国的生态环境产生了影响。正是在这一背景下,本文尝试探讨FDI对我国物流业碳排放的影响;因为产业之间具有关联性,这里的FDI既包括物流业的FDI,也包括其他与物流业相关性较强行业的FDI。本文首先采用投入产出分析方法具体分析了物流业与其他产业的关联程度,得出制造业、商业和金融业是物流业的强相关行业的结论;进而通过构建分行业FDI对我国物流业碳排放影响的时间序列回归模型进行实证分析,结果表明,FDI总体上显著减少了我国物流业的CO2排放量和排放强度,其中物流业、制造业的FDI在减少我国物流业碳排放方面是显著的,而商业与金融业FDI对我国物流业二氧化碳排放强度影响均不显著;上述结果说明FDI对我国物流业碳排放的技术效应明显,"污染天堂假说"在我国物流业并不成立。此外,行业规模、能源消费强度、贸易开放程度、城镇化率以及环境治理投资等因素都会对物流业的碳排放产生影响。最后,在总结全文的基础上得出合理引进FDI,调整能源消费结构,发展节能减排技术的政策建议。