An airport occupational health and safety management system from the OHSAS 18001 perspective

Occupational health and safety represents a set of technical, medical, legal, psychological, pedagogical and other measures with the aim to detect and eliminate hazards that threaten the lives and health of employees. These measures should be applied in a systematic way. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review occupational health and safety legislation in Serbia and the requirements that airports should fulfill for Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series certification. Analyzing the specificity of airport activities and injuries as their outcomes, the article also proposes preventive measures for the health and safety of employees. Furthermore, the airport activities which are the most important from the standpoint of risks are defined, as the goals for occupational health and safety performance improvement.     

基于FLAC3D的盾构隧道施工过程建模影响因素分析

基于FLAC3D对盾构隧道施工过程模拟,研究建模影响因素及其影响程度。首先,综合隧道开挖过程中盾构机前体与岩土层间相互作用的影响因素来模拟隧道开挖过程,确定地表沉降和隧道垂直（Z）方向应力;然后,分别模拟去除其中一种因素后的隧道开挖过程,并求出相应的地表沉降和隧道垂向应力;最后,基于傅里叶变换对各种情况下的地表沉降量和应力应变状况进行比较分析,找出各因素对建模的影响程度,从而为利用FLAC3D进行盾构隧道施工模拟时的影响因子的选择提供参考。研究结果表明：一方面,建模过程中的各种因素对地表沉降的影响大于对隧道Z向压力影响;另一方面,盾构机推进给作业面土体压力、盾尾灌浆延迟于管片拼装造成的暂时对土体支护力不足、盾构机刀盘转动给作业面土体的扭力等因素对模型解算造成的影响最大。     

热重-红外联用分析纸厂废弃塑料的热解特性

利用热重-红外联用技术(TG-FTIR)对纸厂废弃塑料的热解特性及气体释放特性进行了研究。研究表明,塑料的热解过程主要为2个阶段:第1阶段为氯的析出,第2阶段为碳链断裂。随着升温速率的增加,塑料热解的失重速率有所增加,且析出峰向高温方向移动。使用Doyle积分方法进行活化能计算,发现塑料热解所需要的活化能随着反应程度的增加而有所增大。塑料热解脱氯阶段符合三维扩散,球形对称Jander方程;碳链断裂阶段符合二维扩散,圆柱形对称方程。TG-FTIR结果表明,热解的第1阶段析出产物主要为HCl,第2阶段的热解产物主要为烃类化合物。     

滇池典型陆生和水生植物溶解性有机质组分的光谱分析

应用紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶红外光谱与三维荧光光谱,对采自滇池外海及湖滨农田的2种典型陆生植物(玉米、紫茎泽兰)和5种水生植物(芦苇、水红花、水葫芦、眼子菜、茭草)所提取的DOM(溶解性有机质)组分进行了光谱分析. 结果表明,陆生与水生植物DOM的紫外-可见光谱曲线基本类似,吸光度均随波长的增加而降低. 陆生植物DOM的SUVA₂₅₄(单位溶解性有机碳浓度下波长254 nm处吸收系数)值大于水生植物,表明滇池外源输入的DOM腐殖化程度大于内源. 植物叶中DOM的A₂₅₀/A₃₆₅(A₂₅₀、A₃₆₅分别为波长250和365 nm处的紫外吸光度比值)小于茎,表明叶中DOM的芳香性和分子量都大于茎. 陆生与水生植物DOM均有相似的红外特征峰带,其中—COO-、—CH₂、—CO、—OH、—NH₂的特征峰明显,表明它们是构成陆生和水生植物DOM的主要官能团. 三维荧光光谱分析表明,陆生植物茎的DOM中含有类富里酸物质,而叶的DOM中含有类腐殖酸物质. 水生植物除了水葫芦叶的DOM中含有类腐殖酸物质外,其他样品无论茎、叶都含有类富里酸物质. 除水葫芦叶外,同种植物茎的DOM中存在类色氨酸物质,而叶中不存在.      

MATHEMATICAL GENERALIZATION OF STREAM TEMPERATURE IN CENTRAL NEW ENGLAND1

ABSTRACT: The empirical fit of an annual harmonic function to stream temperature measurements in central New England can be improved by considering a harmonic period of less than 365 days instead of 365 or 366 days. Generalized equations, developed using periodic temperature data from 27 streamflow stations, allow predictions of stream temperature at any site given (1) the mean basin altitude (E), in meters above mean sea level, and (2) station latitude (LAT), in degrees. Stream temperature t, in degrees Celsius, on day number d, in days starting with January 1, is estimated as: in which, M = 31.48 – 0.0025 (E) ? 0.4635 (LAT) with standard error of estimate of 0.62°C, and τ= 1228.88 – 21.01 (LAT) with standard error of estimate of 14.1 days.     

The biodegradation of blends of polycaprolactone and polyethylene exposed to a defined consortium of fungi

Polycaprolactone, polyethylene, and blends of polycaprolactone and polyethylene—in which the portion of polycaprolactone was 80 and 10%—were exposed for periods of from 1 to 16 weeks to a consortium of five fungi in a nutrient salt medium containing 0.8 mg/ml potato dextrose. After exposure the samples were cleaned, dried, and analyzed for weight loss, changes in their molecular weight distribution as determined by gel permeation chromatography, molecular changes as seen by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and changes in tensile strength. Tensile strength of polycaprolactone began to decrease after 1 week of exposure, even though the molecular weight distribution showed no change. FT-IR spectra indicated a loss of amorphous polycaprolactone from the surface of samples.Certain commercial products ae identified in order to specify experimental procedures adequately. In no case does such identification imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology or that the material is necessarily the best available for the purpose.     

重大危险源在线监测数据的实时处理与分析技术研究

重大危险源在线监测数据的处理与分析,就是将原始信号进行适当的转换,形成特征明显且易于分析的新信号的一种科学,它是进行状态监测与事故预警的重要基础。本文对离散傅立叶变换和快速傅立叶变换进行了分析与比较,讨论了两种不同变换算法的优缺点和适用范围。实践应用表明,在在线监测系统中应采用快速傅立叶变换算法。     

Climate Trends but Little Net Water Supply Shift in One of Canada's Most Water‐Stressed Regions over the Last Century

The southern interior ecoprovince (SIE) of British Columbia, Canada represents the northernmost extent of the great western North American deserts, it is experiencing some of the nation's fastest economic and population growth making it one of Canada's most water‐stressed regions, and it includes two headwater basins of the transboundary (Canada‐US) Columbia River. Statistical trend analyses were performed on 90‐year regional indicator time series for annual conditions in observed temperature, precipitation, and streamflow reflecting the three major SIE river basins: the Thompson, and transboundary Okanagan and Similkameen. Results suggest that regional climate has grown warmer and wetter, but with little net impact on total water supply availability. The outcome might reflect mutual cancellation of increases in precipitation inputs vs. evapotranspiration losses. Conclusions appeared largely insensitive to low‐pass data filtering, Pacific Decadal Oscillation effects, or solar output variability. Ensemble historical global climate model runs over the same time interval support this absence of appreciable trend in regionally integrated annual runoff volume, but a possible mismatch in precipitation results suggests a direction for further study. Overall, while important changes in hydrologic timing and extremes are likely occurring here, there is limited evidence for a net change in overall water supply availability over the last century.     

Characterization of products from photooxidation of toluene

Photooxidation reaction of toluene in smog chamber systems was initiated by the UV radiation of tolucne/CH5ONO/NOx mixtures. The products of the photooxidation reaction of toluene and its subsequent reactions were analyzed directly utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectrometer （FTIR）. Detailed assignments to FTIR spectrum of gas-phase products were given. The information of some important functional groups in the products, such as, carbonyl groups （C-O）, hydroxyl groups （-OH）, carboxylic acid （- COOH）, C-C bonding, N O bonding and C-H bonding （C H）, was got from this analysis. These results were compared to those analyzed by aerosol time of flight mass spectrometer （ATOFMS）. It was found that there are some differcnccs between FTIR analysis of gas-phase products and that of particle-phase, for example, the products with carbonyl groups, which were connected to unsaturated chemical bonds, was relatively higher in the gas phase, while kctoncs, aldehydes, carboxylic acid and organonitrates were the dominant functional groups in the aerosol-phase reaction products. The possible reaction pathways of some important products in the gas phase were also discussed.     

傅立叶变换红外多组分气体分析仪在水污染应急监测中的应用

为了更好地为水污染应急监测工作服务,利用顶空原理,采用傅立叶变换红外多组分气体分析仪,测定水样中的有机污染物,快速筛查定性水体中主要污染物,再选用标准方法准确定量污染物浓度。结果表明,该方法具有测定范围广、仪器携带方便、筛查定性快速的优点。