Redistributing the world's wealth: Cancun ‘summit’ discord

The aim of the North-South ‘summit’ conference in 1981 was to bridge the wealth gap between the few industrial nations and the hundred-odd poor countries. Unfortunately no firm proposals materialized. The rich nations refused to increase their aid transfers to the developing countries or to correct the growing inequalities in world trade. The multiplication of wealth is the basic concern of the North in an era of recession and unemployment. The division of wealth is an urgent necessity for the South, but their demands for a global reallocation of resources remained unmet. The gap is likely to widen considerably in future.     

构建环境监测行业文化的探索与思考

文章探讨环境监测行业文化建设的内容、对环境监测行业带来的促进作用,以及如何构建环境监测行业文化体系,通过总结和凝练的行业文化增强大监测、大服务意识,倡导形成“团结拼搏、凝聚人心、扎实务实”的工作作风,牢固树立环境监测系统的团队精神和服务意识,推动环境监测事业的科学发展。     

中国自贸区谈判环境与贸易问题分析

许多国家正将主要经贸政策重点转向自贸区,环境与贸易成为自贸区谈判的重要内容。我国应该抓住自贸区环境服务贸易谈判的重要机遇,加快中国经济又好又快发展及环境服务业战略转型。当前需要:加强自贸区谈判对环境及可持续发展的影响研究,解决战略转型的可持续性问题;加强不同环境服务分类影响研究,解决战略转型的对象问题;实施国内环境服务企业的走出去战略,解决战略转型的途径问题;加快环境服务业发展和战略转型的法规和政策体系建设,制定针对国内环境服务企业的扶持战略,解决战略转型的保障问题。     

浙江省进出口产品隐含碳的计算及其影响因素

近年来,CO₂等温室气体的过多排放日益为世界各国所重视。文章对浙江省近年外贸中的CO₂含量进行分析研究。内涵碳的净出口量与其占全省碳排放的比值都呈现增加的势头;两个时期的进(出)口的规模变动效果全是正向;两个时期的进(出)口结构变动效果有明显差异,2005-2008年期间,出口的结构变动效果为7 201.89×10⁴ t,进口的结构变动效果综合后为-3 124.27×10⁴ t;在此阶段,中间投入变动效果有明显的改善,2002-2005年进(出)口的中间投入变动效果是40.34×10⁴ t(32.21×10⁴ t),2005-2008年阶段是-3 428.33×10⁴ t(-4 942.21×10⁴ t);单位GDP碳排放量变动效果也有明显改善,并且两个时期单位GDP碳排放量变动效果主要是由单位GDP能耗变动效果所决定;两个时期进(出)口单位能耗的碳排放量变动效果均非常小。     

Reliability of social media data in monitoring the global pet trade in ants

The global pet trade is a major risk to biodiversity and humans and has become increasingly globalized, diversified, digitalized, and extremely difficult to control. With billions of internet users posting online daily, social media could be a powerful surveillance tool. But it is unknown how reliably social media can track the global pet trade. We tested whether Instagram data predicted the geographic distribution of pet stores and the taxonomic composition of traded species in the emerging pet trade in ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). We visited 138 online stores selling ants as pets worldwide and recorded the species traded. We scraped ∼38,000 Instagram posts from ∼6300 users referencing ants as pets and analyzed comments on post and geolocation (available for ∼1800 users). We tested whether the number of Instagram users predicted the number of ant sellers per country and whether the species referenced as pets on Instagram matched the species offered in online stores, with a particular focus on invasive species. The location of Instagram users referencing ants as pets predicted the location of ant sellers across the globe (R² = 0.87). Instagram data detected 439 of the 631 ant species traded in online stores (70%), including 59 of the 68 invasive species traded (87%). The number of Instagram users referencing a species was a good predictor of the number of sellers offering the species (R² = 0.77). Overall, Instagram data provided affordable and reliable data for monitoring the emerging pet trade in ants. Easier access to these data would facilitate monitoring of the global pet trade and help implement relevant regulations in a timely manner.     

市场方法在现代环境政策领域中的应用及其设计

在环境政策领域中,市场方法正迅速得到一些政府(尤其是美国)环境部门的重视和采纳.本文首先分析了该方法与传统管制手段的关系,然后介绍了各种市场方法的应用情况,最后对市场手段设计的技术原则进行了探讨.随着我国市场取向的经济体制改革的深入,市场方法将为我国的环境管理制度变革提供一项新的备选手段.      

雾化电晕等离子体饮食业油烟净化技术与装置

通过阐述饮食业油烟净化的必要性及其净化的难度 ,提出了接地放电极雾化电晕等离子体烟气净化技术 ,论述了该技术的原理 ,介绍了半湿式和湿式两种形式的接地放电极雾化电晕等离子体烟气净化装置 ,适用于单纯净化烹调油烟 ,或同时净化烹调油烟及燃烧柴油、木炭所产生的灶烟。     

MRIO model-based study on water nitrogen pollution transfer embodied in international trade

This study uses the global pollutant emission databases and global input–output model in 2015 to calculate the impact of international trade on global water nitrogen emission patterns, based on considering the total amount of pollutant transfer and pollutant emission intensity of trade flows The main conclusions are as follows: (1) There are always a large amount of water nitrogen emissions transferring from developed economies to developing economies embodied in their bilateral trade activities. Small amount of transfers are of some areas with similar endowments of agricultural resources or long distances. (2) In 2015, the net import of water nitrogen pollution embodied in China’s trade was 160,000 tons, accounting for 2.72% of the global water nitrogen imports. The sharp increases in cereal imports, together with high food storage as well as high pollution intensity embedded in trade are the main reason. It is recommended that through applying alleviations such as agricultural machinery assistance and technical training to accelerate the transfer and spread of agricultural technology in Africa, Asia, and other regions, thus helping increase agricultural production productivity in underdeveloped areas and reducing the pollution intensity embodied in trade flows from underdeveloped areas to developed areas.     

The untapped potential of preferential trade agreements for climate governance

The regulatory contribution that preferential trade agreements (PTAs) make to global climate governance is assessed through an analysis of climate-related provisions found in 688 PTAs signed between 1947 and 2016. Provisions are analyzed along four dimensions: innovation, legalization, replication, and distribution. Innovative climate provisions are found in several PTAs that are in some cases more specific and enforceable than the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. Nonetheless, these climate provisions offer limited progress because they remain weakly ‘legalized’, fail to replicate broadly in the global trade system, and were not adopted by the largest greenhouse gas emitters. Despite the inclusion of innovative climate provisions in a number of PTAs, their poor design and weak replication position them as some of the weakest environmental provisions within PTAs.